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Distinct mechanism of doxorubicin-induced toxicity in diabetic hearts. Doxorubicin (DOX) up-regulates S100A8/A9 and increases the expression of IL-6, which is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, in the diabetic heart through the p38 MAPK/NF-κB axis. It is noteworthy that these observations were not made with non-diabetic hearts subject to DOX challenge.
