| WSN | A/WSN/1933 H1N1 |
| PR8 | A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 |
| pH1N1 | A/California/04/2009 H1N1 |
| Neth602 | A/Netherlands/602/2009 H1N1 |
| Ind5 | A/Indonesia/5/2005 H5N1 |
| Anh1 | A/Anhui/1/2013 H7N9 |
| HK99 | A/Guinea Fowl/Hong Kong/WF10/1999 H9N2 |
| VN1203 | A/Vietnam/1203/2004 H5N1 |
| maxGFP | advanced version of eGFP |
| Venus | advanced version of yellow fluorescent protein |
| aa | amino acid |
| 2A | autocleavage 2A site |
| BMDCs | bone marrow-derived DCs |
| CRS | caspase recognition site |
| CAT | chloramphenicol acetyl transferase |
| DCs | dendritic cells |
| dPR | duplicated packaging region |
| EM | electron microscopy |
| ER | endoplasmic reticulum |
| eCFP | enhanced cyan fluorescent protein |
| eGFP | enhanced green fluorescent protein |
| fRFP | far-red fluorescent protein |
| FFluc | firefly luciferase |
| FACS | fluorescence-activated cell sorting |
| FMDV | foot-and-mouth disease virus |
| Gluc | Gaussia luciferase |
| GFP | green fluorescent protein |
| HA | hemagglutinin |
| HTS | high-throughput screening |
| IAV | influenza A virus |
| BM2 | influenza B virus M2 protein |
| IL-2 | interleukin-2 |
| IVIS | in vivo imaging system |
| MDKC | Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells |
| M1 | matrix 1 protein |
| M2 | matrix 2 protein |
| M2e | matrix 2 protein ectodomain |
| MFI | mean fluorescent intensity |
| Timer | modified DsRed fluorescent protein Timer |
| MAbs | monoclonal antibodies |
| mCherry | monomeric cherry fluorescent protein |
| MLD50 | mouse lethal dose-50 |
| NLuc | NanoLuc |
| iRFP | near-infrared fluorescent protein |
| NA | neuraminidase |
| NAb | neutralizing antibody |
| Ncd protein | nonclaret disjunctional protein |
| NCRs | non-coding regions |
| NS1 | non-structural protein 1 |
| NEP | nuclear export protein |
| NP | nucleoprotein |
| nt | nucleotide |
| ORF | open reading frame |
| ψ | packaging signals |
| PFU | plaque forming units |
| PTV-1 | polymerase acidic (PA) and basic (PB1 and PB2) subunits, porcine teschovirus-1 |
| PET/CT | positron emission tomography-computed tomography |
| PKR | protein kinase R |
| DsRed | red fluorescent protein of Discosoma |
| RIG-I | retinoic acid inducible gene-1 |
| RdRp | RNA-dependent RNA polymerase |
| SL | short linker |
| SAM | splice acceptor mutation |
| TCID50 | tissue culture infectious dose 50 |
| TLR7 | toll-like receptor 7 |
| IFN | type I interferon |
| IFITM proteins | type I IFN-induced transmembrane proteins |
| UTR | untranslated region |
| vRNA | viral RNA |
| vRNP | viral ribonucleoprotein |
| WT | wild-type |