Table 2.
Association of serum total 25(OH)D with incidence of AF overall and by age, ARIC study, 1990–2012
| Serum total 25(OH)D |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <20 ng/mL | 20 to <30 ng/mL | ≥30 ng/mL | Per 1 SD decrease | |
| Full cohort | ||||
| AF cases | 559 | 869 | 438 | |
| Person-years | 68 385 | 98 214 | 52 491 | |
| HR (95% CI)a | 1.39 (1.21, 1.58) | 1.16 (1.04, 1.31) | 1 (Ref.) | 1.13 (1.08, 1.19) |
| HR (95% CI)b | 1.10 (0.96, 1.26) | 1.09 (0.97, 1.22) | 1 (Ref.) | 1.04 (0.98, 1.09) |
| Age <58 | ||||
| AF cases | 234 | 324 | 111 | |
| Person-years | 43 228 | 56 653 | 28 846 | |
| HR (95% CI)a | 1.84 (1.45, 2.34) | 1.57 (1.26, 1.94) | 1 (Ref.) | 1.28 (1.17, 1.40) |
| HR (95% CI)b | 1.35 (1.05, 1.73) | 1.37 (1.10, 1.71) | 1 (Ref.) | 1.12 (1.03, 1.23) |
| Age ≥58 | ||||
| AF cases | 325 | 545 | 327 | |
| Person-years | 25 157 | 41 561 | 23 645 | |
| HR (95% CI)a | 1.22 (1.04, 1.43) | 1.02 (0.89, 1.17) | 1 (Ref.) | 1.06 (1.00, 1.13) |
| HR (95% CI)b | 1.02 (0.86, 1.21) | 0.98 (0.85, 1.13) | 1 (Ref.) | 1.00 (0.94, 1.06) |
CI, Confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; SD, standard deviation. 1 SD = 8.5 ng/mL.
aCox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, sex, and race.
bCox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, sex, race, study centre, education, alcohol consumption, height, BMI, smoking status, physical activity, systolic and diastolic BPs, use of antihypertensive medication, diabetes, prevalent coronary heart disease, prevalent heart failure, hsCRP, NT-proBNP, and eGFR.