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. 2016 May 12;18(8):1135–1142. doi: 10.1093/europace/euv404

Table 4.

Baseline patient characteristics associated with all-cause hospitalization

χ2 HR (95% CI) P-value
Geographic region (reference = Canada/US)
 Latin America 108.70 0.53 (0.44, 0.64) <0.0001
 Eastern Europe 0.64 (0.56, 0.74)
 Western Europe 1.05 (0.91, 1.20)
 East Asia 1.04 (0.89, 1.21)
COPD 35.94 1.46 (1.29, 1.66) <0.0001
Baseline diuretic use 35.91 1.36 (1.23, 1.51) <0.0001
Creatinine clearance, per 5-unit decrease below 65a 25.90 1.07 (1.04, 1.10) <0.0001
SBP, per 5-mmHg decrease below 120b 18.21 1.08 (1.04, 1.13) <0.0001
Diabetes 17.38 1.22 (1.11, 1.34) <0.0001
Prior myocardial infarction 16.91 1.27 (1.13, 1.42) <0.0001
Prior aspirin use 12.39 1.21 (1.09, 1.34) 0.0004
BMI, per 1 unit increase above 31c 9.79 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) 0.0018
Age, per 5 year increase 8.78 1.05 (1.02, 1.08) 0.0030
Prior use of vitamin K antagonist 7.43 1.18 (1.05, 1.32) 0.0064
Male 6.14 1.13 (1.03, 1.25) 0.013
Carotid artery disease 5.38 1.25 (1.04, 1.51) 0.020
Heart rate, per 5 bpm increase above 90d 4.82 1.04 (1.00, 1.08) 0.028

BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; US, United States.

aFor creatinine clearance, there was equivalent risk for all values ≥65 mL/min.

bFor SBP, there was equivalent risk for all values ≥120 mmHg.

cFor BMI, there was equivalent risk for all values ≤31 kg/m2.

dFor heart rate, there was equivalent risk for all values ≤90 beats per minute.