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. 2016 Aug 1;7:12341. doi: 10.1038/ncomms12341

Figure 2. Effects of ascarosides on hormone production and gene expression.

Figure 2

(a) Effects of asc-ΔC6 and asc-C9 on ecdysone and JH production in fifth instar beetle larvae. Values are expressed as mean±s.e.m. of three independent experiments. *P<0.05 versus control and **P<0.01 versus control (Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric test, Mann–Whitney U test). (b) Effects of asc-ΔC6 and asc-C9 on gene expression of EcR and Met in fifth instar beetle larvae by qPCR. Values are expressed as mean±s.e.m. of three independent experiments. *P<0.05 versus control and **P<0.01 versus control (Student's t-test, unpaired, two-tailed). (c) Hierarchical clustering of gene expression of gene cohorts related to autogeny, JH and ecdysone, and cuticle proteins in larvae, pupae and adults by qPCR (n=3). L-Cont.: control larvae after 12 days; L-ΔC6: larvae after 12 days treatment with asc-ΔC6; P-Cont.: control pupae after 1 day; P-ΔC6: pupae after 1 day treatment with asc-ΔC6; A-Cont.: control adults after 1 day; A-ΔC6: adults after 1 day treatment by asc-ΔC6. Values are expressed as mean±s.e.m. of three independent experiments. *P<0.05 versus control and **P<0.01 versus control (Student's t-test, unpaired and two-tailed).