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. 2016 Aug 1;7:12341. doi: 10.1038/ncomms12341

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

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(a) The measurement of asc-C9 on the surface of the beetle from different developmental stages, including EDP, early development pupa; EA, emerging adult; FSA, fully sclerotized adult; L, larva; LDP, late development pupa; NEA, newly eclosed adult. Values are expressed as mean±s.e.m. of five independent experiments. *P<0.05 versus the L_III larvae (Student's t-test, unpaired and two-tailed). (b) Effects of different ascarosides at the same concentrations as produced by a chamber or one newly eclosed adult beetle on the chemotaxis index of PWN L_IV larvae. Values are expressed as mean±s.e.m. of 10 independent experiments. *P<0.05 versus control (Student's t-test, unpaired, two-tailed). (c) Dosage dependent effects of asc-C9 on the chemotaxis index of L_IV. Values are expressed as mean±s.e.m. of 10 independent experiments. *P<0.05 versus 0.01 pM and **P<0.01 versus 0.01 pM (Student's t-test, unpaired, two-tailed).