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. 2016 Aug 2;7:12315. doi: 10.1038/ncomms12315

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If a particular alloy composition exhibits many structurally different stable and metastable crystal phases, which have similar energies, these phases will compete against each other during solidification, disrupting and frustrating the nucleation and crystallization processes, ultimately leading to an amorphous structure. (a) Distinct crystalline competing phases, which may compete and lead to (b) an amorphous structure. GFA should be (c) absent or (d) present, when the thermodynamic density of states is low or high, respectively.