Table 2.
Results of intervention analysis for specified antihypertensive medications overall and within specified subgroups.
| Variable | ACEI or ARB | β-Blockers | Calcium-Channel Blockers | Diuretics | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-ESRD | Dialysis Initiation | Post-ESRD | Pre-ESRD | Dialysis Initiation | Post-ESRD | Pre-ESRD | Dialysis Initiation | Post-ESRD | Pre-ESRD | Dialysis Initiation | Post-ESRD | |
| Entire cohort | 1.01 (1.00 to 1.03) | 1.04 (1.00 to 1.09) | 0.96 (0.94 to 0.98) | 1.08 (1.07 to 1.10) | 0.98 (0.95 to 1.00) | 0.89 (0.88 to 0.90) | 1.11 (1.09 to 1.12) | 0.91 (0.88 to 0.94) | 0.86 (0.85 to 0.88) | 1.10 (1.09 to 1.12) | 0.60 (0.57 to 0.62) | 0.82 (0.81 to 0.83) |
| Subgroups | ||||||||||||
| Black | 1.01 (0.98 to 1.04) | 1.12 (1.03 to 1.21) | 0.97 (0.94 to 1.00) | 1.09 (1.07 to 1.11) | 1.00 (0.96 to 1.05) | 0.89 (0.87 to 0.91) | 1.09 (1.07 to 1.12) | 0.94 (0.89 to 0.98) | 0.88 (0.86 to 0.90) | 1.10 (1.08 to 1.12) | 0.58 (0.54 to 0.63) | 0.81 (0.79 to 0.83) |
| Nonblack | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) | 1.01 (0.95 to 1.07) | 0.95 (0.93 to 0.97) | 1.08 (1.06 to 1.10) | 0.97 (0.94 to 1.00) | 0.89 (0.88 to 0.90) | 1.11 (1.10 to 1.13) | 0.90 (0.86 to 0.93) | 0.86 (0.84 to 0.87) | 1.10 (1.09 to 1.12) | 0.60 (0.57 to 0.63) | 0.83 (0.81 to 0.84) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.03) | 1.05 (1.00 to 1.10) | 0.96 (0.94 to 0.98) | 1.08 (1.07 to 1.10) | 0.98 (0.95 to 1.01) | 0.89 (0.88 to 0.90) | 1.11 (1.09 to 1.13) | 0.91 (0.88 to 0.95) | 0.86 (0.85 to 0.88) | 1.10 (1.09 to 1.11) | 0.60 (0.57 to 0.63) | 0.83 (0.81 to 0.84) |
| No diabetes mellitus | 1.01 (0.97 to 1.04) | 1.00 (0.90 to 1.12) | 0.97 (0.93 to 1.01) | 1.08 (1.06 to 1.11) | 0.96 (0.91 to 1.02) | 0.89 (0.86 to 0.91) | 1.09 (1.07 to 1.12) | 0.91 (0.85 to 0.97) | 0.87 (0.84 to 0.90) | 1.12 (1.09 to 1.15) | 0.60 (0.54 to 0.66) | 0.80 (0.77 to 0.83) |
| Coronary heart disease | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.04) | 1.02 (0.96 to 1.08) | 0.96 (0.94 to 0.99) | 1.07 (1.05 to 1.09) | 0.97 (0.94 to 1.00) | 0.90 (0.89 to 0.92) | 1.09 (1.07 to 1.11) | 0.89 (0.85 to 0.93) | 0.88 (0.86 to 0.90) | 1.10 (1.08 to 1.11) | 0.58 (0.55 to 0.61) | 0.83 (0.82 to 0.85) |
| No coronary heart disease | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) | 1.08 (1.01 to 1.16) | 0.95 (0.93 to 0.98) | 1.09 (1.07 to 1.11) | 1.00 (0.95 to 1.04) | 0.88 (0.86 to 0.90) | 1.11 (1.09 to 1.13) | 0.94 (0.89 to 0.98) | 0.86 (0.84 to 0.88) | 1.11 (1.09 to 1.13) | 0.63 (0.59 to 0.68) | 0.81 (0.79 to 0.83) |
| Systolic heart failure | 1.03 (0.97 to 1.11) | 1.03 (0.92 to 1.16) | 0.94 (0.88 to 1.01) | 1.08 (1.03 to 1.12) | 0.98 (0.92 to 1.04) | 0.90 (0.86 to 0.93) | 1.10 (1.03 to 1.17) | 0.89 (0.81 to 0.98) | 0.88 (0.82 to 0.94) | 1.10 (1.06 to 1.14) | 0.56 (0.52 to 0.62) | 0.84 (0.80 to 0.87) |
| No systolic heart failure | 1.01 (1.00 to 1.03) | 1.05 (0.99 to 1.10) | 0.96 (0.94 to 0.98) | 1.08 (1.07 to 1.10) | 0.98 (0.95 to 1.00) | 0.89 (0.88 to 0.90) | 1.11 (1.09 to 1.12) | 0.92 (0.89 to 0.96) | 0.86 (0.85 to 0.88) | 1.10 (1.09 to 1.12) | 0.61 (0.58 to 0.64) | 0.82 (0.80 to 0.83) |
The pre-ESRD and post-ESRD values indicate relative rate of medication use per quarter relative to the prior quarter (95% confidence intervals using a Bonferroni-corrected cutoff P value of <0.001). Values for dialysis initiation indicate the relative change in level of medication use associated with dialysis initiation (95% confidence interval). ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker.