Table 3. Human crania sorted by their Euclidean distance from the group centroid.

The first 25 specimens represent the most distant from the group centroid, whereas the bottom row represents an “average” representative of human cranial shape based on its close proximity to the centroid. Values in parentheses represent the distances expressed in units of the mean pairwise distance (0.068), which provides information on how much farther a particular cranium is from the centroid than the mean distance. Specimens are coded here following AMNH catalog numbers.

Specimen	Region/Population	Distance from centroid
VL/24631	Khoe-San, South Africa	0.1011 (1.49)
VL/38781	Greifenberg, Austria	0.0939 (1.38)
99/78891	Malay Archipelago, SE Asia	0.0918 (1.35)
VL/3818	Greifenberg, Austria	0.0885 (1.31)
VL/269	Tasmanian	0.0881 (1.30)
VL/229	Kalmuk, Western Mongolia	0.0876 (1.29)
VL/408	Mhehe, East Africa	0.0871 (1.28)
99.1/5111	Point Hope, Alaska	0.0871 (1.28)
99/8155	Aboriginal Australian	0.0842 (1.24)
99/6562	Māori, New Zealand	0.0830 (1.22)
VL/271	Tasmanian	0.0824 (1.22)
VL/24701	Khoe-San, South Africa	0.0788 (1.16)
VL/1902	Māori, New Zealand	0.0777 (1.15)
99.1/490	Point Hope, Alaska	0.0770 (1.14)
99/8165	Aboriginal Australian	0.0767 (1.13)
VL/272	Tasmanian	0.0750 (1.11)
VL3619	Greifenberg, Austria	0.0745 (1.10)
99/7333	Grand Gulch, Utah	0.0741 (1.09)
99/8177	Aboriginal Australian	0.0740 (1.09)
VL/2267	Kakoletri, Greece	0.0733 (1.08)
VL/1729	Tientsin, China	0.0728 (1.07)
VL/16021	Ashanti, West Africa	0.0727 (1.07)
VL/274	Tasmanian	0.0721 (1.06)
VL/2389	Ashanti, West Africa	0.0721 (1.06)
99/8171	Aboriginal Australian	0.0720 (1.06)
99/73651	Grand Gulch, Utah	0.0496 (0.73)

Note:

¹Specimens selected to be modeled using FEA.