Table 1.

Clinical and pathological signs of metal phosphide ontoxication.

Basic clinical signs	Cardiac signs	Pulmonary signs	Systemic effects	Metabolic effects	Neurological symptoms
Shortnes s of breath	Tachycardia	Pulmonary edema	↓ Blood pressure	↑Lipid peroxidatio n	Narcosis
Cough	Bradycardia	Acute respiratory distress syndrome	Acute renal damage	↑SODa	Excitotoxicity (hyperactivity )
Jaundice	QRS broadening	Atelectasis	Acute liver injury	↓Catalasea	Lethargy
Fatigue	S-T segment elevation	Emphysem a	Hemolysis	↓Serum AChE	Tremor
Dizzines s	Ventricular ectopic beats		Hypokalemia		Dizziness
Vomiting	↓Ejection fraction		Hypomagnesemia		Parathesis
Nausea	Hypokinesi a		Hypoxia
Diarrhea			↑Multi-organ failure
			Hypoglycemia
			Hepato/splenomegal y

NOTE: This table lists many of the exposure–response effects of metal phosphide toxicity. In general, not all signs are prominent in patients admitted to the clinic.

^aEnzymes determined in rat brain experimental model.³²