Table 3.
Baseline characteristics of individuals who died compared with those who survived in group with lowest blood pressure and in reference group
| Characteristics | Systolic blood pressure 110-119 mm Hg | Systolic blood pressure 130-139 mm Hg | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alive (n=12 145) | Dead (n=684) | P value | Alive (n=46 769) | Dead (n=2749) | P value | ||
| Mean (SD) systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 113.0 (3.0) | 112.8 (3.0) | 0.08 | 132.4 (2.8) | 132.4 (2.8) | 0.52 | |
| Men | 6281 (51.7) | 429 (62.7) | <0.001 | 27 132 (58.0) | 1781 (64.8) | <0.001 | |
| Mean (SD) age (years) | 54.6 (11.3) | 63.9 (8.2) | <0.001 | 60.1 (9.4) | 65.9 (7.2) | <0.001 | |
| Mean (SD) duration of diabetes (years) | 4.7 (5.4) | 7.3 (6.6) | <0.001 | 5.5 (5.9) | 8.0 (6.9) | <0.001 | |
| Mean (SD) HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 51.6 (13.5) | 53.6 (14.8) | <0.001 | 52.5 (12.8) | 54.4 (14.2) | <0.001 | |
| Diet treatment only | 3936 (32.4) | 185 (27.0) | <0.001 | 14 091 (30.1) | 590 (21.5) | <0.001 | |
| Tablet treatment only | 5955 (49.0) | 261 (38.2) | <0.001 | 23 419 (50.1) | 1179 (42.9) | <0.001 | |
| Insulin treatment | 1165 (9.6) | 133 (19.4) | <0.001 | 3811 (8.1) | 471 (17.1) | <0.001 | |
| Insulin and tablet treatment | 1089 (9.0) | 105 (15.4) | <0.001 | 5448 (11.6) | 509 (18.5) | <0.001 | |
| Mean (SD) BMI | 29.5 (5.5) | 29.0 (6.1) | 0.06 | 30.3 (5.3) | 29.6 (5.6) | <0.001 | |
| Mean (SD) LDL (mmol/L) | 2.9 (0.9) | 2.7 (1.0) | 0.002 | 2.9 (0.9) | 2.7 (0.9) | <0.001 | |
| Mean (SD) HDL (mmol/L) | 1.3 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.4) | 0.65 | 1.3 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.4) | 0.006 | |
| Mean (SD) cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.9 (1.0) | 4.8 (1.1) | 0.26 | 5.0 (1.0) | 4.8 (1.0) | <0.001 | |
| Mean (SD) triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.8 (1.2) | 1.9 (1.2) | 0.002 | 1.8 (1.2) | 1.8 (1.1) | 0.32 | |
| Microalbuminuria | 843 (10.2) | 80 (16.7) | <0.001 | 4190 (12.7) | 390 (19.3) | <0.001 | |
| Macroalbuminuria | 297 (3.6) | 48 (10.0) | <0.001 | 1503 (4.6) | 218 (10.8) | <0.001 | |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 90.4 (23.8) | 85.6 (30.5) | <0.001 | 87.3 (22.7) | 82.9 (26.0) | <0.001 | |
| Current smoker | 2222 (21.4) | 196 (31.8) | <0.001 | 6987 (17.4) | 636 (26.1) | <0.001 | |
| Thiazide diuretics | 1459 (12.0) | 100 (14.6) | 0.04 | 9381 (20.1) | 557 (20.3) | 0.80 | |
| Loop diuretics | 580 (4.8) | 138 (20.2) | <0.001 | 2601 (5.6) | 378 (13.8) | <0.001 | |
| Calcium antagonists | 1041 (8.6) | 96 (14.0) | <0.001 | 8725 (18.7) | 646 (23.5) | <0.001 | |
| Spironolactone | 208 (1.7) | 52 (7.6) | <0.001 | 788 (1.7) | 120 (4.4) | <0.001 | |
| β blockers | 1819 (15.0) | 201 (29.4) | <0.001 | 10 625 (22.7) | 856 (31.1) | <0.001 | |
| RAAS blockers | 2965 (24.4) | 235 (34.4) | <0.001 | 19 725 (42.2) | 1305 (47.5) | <0.001 | |
| Mean (SD) No of antihypertensive drugs | 0.7 (1.1) | 1.2 (1.3) | <0.001 | 1.1 (1.2) | 1.4 (1.3) | <0.001 | |
| Drugs for heart disease | 319 (2.6) | 48 (7.0) | <0.001 | 1306 (2.8) | 177 (6.4) | <0.001 | |
| Statins | 3857 (31.8) | 238 (34.8) | 0.10 | 18 422 (39.4) | 1095 (39.8) | 0.64 | |
BMI=body mass index; LDL=low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL=high density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR=estimated glomerular filtration rate; RAAS=renin-angiotensin-aldosterone.