Table 1.

Recommendations from various expert panels regarding the use of PSA in screening for prostate cancer.

The American Cancer Society Recommended discussion regarding benefits and limitations of early detection and state that both PSA and digital rectal examination (DRE) be offered annually from age 50 to men with a life expectancy >10 years (36).

The US Preventative Services Task Force Stated that the available evidence was insufficient to recommend for or against routine screening for prostate cancer in men < 75 years of age. For men 75 years of age or older, it was concluded that the harms of screening for prostate cancer outweighed the benefits (37).

The American Urological Association Recommended PSA screening for well-informed men with a life expectancy of at least 10 years who wish to pursue early diagnosis. Baseline PSA concentrations should be determined at 40 years of age (38).

The European Group on Tumor Markers (EGTM) Stated that “assay of PSA can be recommended in symptomatic men, if the diagnosis of prostate cancer alters the treatment decision. However, in the absence of data showing that the early detection of prostate cancer does more good than harm, it may be reasonable to restrict PSA testing to asymptomatic men who are prepared to undergo prostate biopsy in the event of an elevated PSA level and have a life expectancy of more than 10 years” (39).

The National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Stated that screening for prostate cancer is not recommended at present (40).

The European Society of Clinical Oncology (ESMO) Stated that the effect of screening on mortality was controversial and cannot be currently recommended (41).