Table 2. Candidate baseline determinants associated with regaining some upper limb capacity at 6 months post-stroke.
| N = 91 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio | 95%CI | p | |
| Sex (0 = female; 1 = male)† | 0.79 | 0.33–1.91 | 0.606 |
| Age (years)‡ | 1.00 | 0.97–1.04 | 0.950 |
| Hemisphere of stroke (0 = right; 1 = left)† | 2.40 | 0.94–6.10 | 0.066 |
| Type of stroke (Bamford classification: 0 = PACI/TACI;1 = LACI)† | 3.33 | 1.39–8.01 | 0.007* |
| Time between stroke and baseline (days)‡ | 1.07 | 0.96–1.18 | 0.222 |
| Hemianopia (NIHSS item-3:0 = yes; 1 = no)† | 0.85 | 0.16–4.44 | 0.845 |
| Facial palsy (NIHSS item-4:0 = yes; 1 = no)† | 3.99 | 1.16–13.69 | 0.028* |
| Visuospatial neglect (LCT asymmetry: 0≥2; 1<2)§ | 6.54 | 2.53–16.90 | <0.001* |
| Somatosensory function (EmNSA:0<33; 1≥33)d | 4.06 | 1.69–9.78 | 0.002* |
| Shoulder abduction (MI: 0<9; 1≥9)† | 3.68 | 1.54–8.79 | 0.003* |
| Elbow flexion (MI: 0<9; 1≥9)† | 8.00 | 2.65–24.17 | <0.001* |
| Lower limb function (MI-leg: 0<35; 1≥35)|| | 12.67 | 4.68–34.32 | <0.001* |
| Randomization (0 = control group; 1 = experimental group) † | 0.80 | 0.35–1.84 | 0.605 |
PACI = Partial Anterior Cerebral Infarction; TACI = Total Anterior Cerebral Infarction; LACI = Lacunar Anterior Cerebral Infarction; NIHSS = National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; LCT = Letter Cancellation Test; EmNSA = Erasmus modified Nottingham Sensory Assessment; MI = Motricity Index.
*Wald statistic = p<0.05
†Based on clinical grounds
‡Not dichotomized
§Based on previous literature(14)
||Based on area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve.