Table 3.
Etiologies and Adverse Outcomes (AO) in Individuals with Community-Acquired Meningitis According to Gender (N=619).
| Etiology | Male, n=292 | Female, n=327 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants | AOs | Participants | AOs | |
| Unknown, n (%)a | 175 (60) | 8 (5) | 232 (71) | 12 (5) |
| Urgent treatable, n (%)a,b | 77 (26) | 16 (21) | 50 (15) | 20(40) |
| Bacterial meningitis, nc | 23 | 23 | ||
| C. neoformans, n | 37 | 7 | ||
| Herpes simplex encephalitis, n | 3 | 5 | ||
| M. tuberculosis, n | 3 | 2 | ||
| Varicella zoster virus, n | 2 | 5 | ||
| Central nervous system lymphoma or carcinomatosis | 0 | 2 | ||
| Otherd | 3 | 3 | ||
| Untreatable, n (%) | 22 (8) | 5 (23) | 22 (7) | 9 (41) |
| West Nile virus | 15 | 14 | ||
| Enterovirus | 5 | 6 | ||
| St. Louis encephalitis virus | 1 | 2 | ||
| Epstein-Barr virus | 1 | 0 | ||
| Nonurgent treatable, n (%) | 18 (6) | 0 (0) | 23 (7) | 0 (0) |
| Herpes simplex meningitis | 17 | 22 | ||
| Acute human immunodeficiency virus | 2 | 1 | ||
| Othere | 2 | 2 | ||
| Total, n (%) | 292 (100) | 29 (10) | 327 | 41(13) |
a
P <0.05 comparing the etiologiesa and ACOs.
b
between the male and female cohorts.
c
Organisms identified include S. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, Enterococcus, H. influenzae, L. monocytogenes, Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus, N. meningitides, S. aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Group A Streptococcus, Group B Streptococcus, S. anginosus milleri.
d
Other urgent treatable etiologies include systemic lupus, toxoplasmosis, histoplasmosis, cerebral aneurysm, Brucella, and E. coli UTI.
e
Other nonurgent treatable etiologies include multiple sclerosis, neurosyphilis, influenza virus type A, and CMV.