Table 4.

Infant birth weight and size: reduced fetal growth and spontaneous preterm delivery^*.

	Group 1 (Preterm cases and reduced fetal growth)	Group 2 (Preterm cases and AGA)	Group 3 (Term controls and AGA)	P for trend
n	7	16	18
Birth length (cm)	44.32 ± 1.41	47.53 ± 0.98†	51.78 ± 0.90** †	0.0001
Head circumference (cm)	28.83 ± 1.66	31.49 ± 1.15	33.56 ± 1.05‡ §	0.049
Chest circumference (cm)	28.62 ± 1.17	30.84 ± 0.84	33.07 ± 0.75†	0.005
Birth weight (g)	2168 ± 248	2840 ± 171§	3614 ± 157** ¶	<0.0001
Gestational age at delivery (week)	34.30 ± 0.72	34.54 ± 0.50	39.28 ± 0.46** ¶	<0.0001

^*Data are mean ± SE. Reduced fetal growth for gestation was defined as infant birth weight <25^th percentile for gestational age using a standard which adjusts for parity, infant gender and ethnicity.

AGA, infant birth weight was appropriate for gestational age. One term control with reduced fetal growth was excluded from the analysis.

Models were also adjusted for age, BMI and smoking

^**p≤0.0001 vs. group 1

^†p<0.01 vs. group 2 (ranges of p was 0.002 to 0.006)

^‡p=0.04 vs. group 2

^§p<0.05 vs. group 1 (ranges of p was 0.032 to 0.046).

^¶p<0.0001 vs. group 2