Table 5.
Comparison of 3rd trimester DNA methylation (%) among cases of spontaneous preterm delivery (with and without reduced fetal growth) and term controls*.
| Gene symbol | Group 1 (Preterm cases and reduced fetal growth) | Group 2 (Preterm cases and AGA) | Group 3 (Term controls and AGA) | P for trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 7 | 16 | 18 | |
| ABCB1 | 6.11 ± 13.92 | 5.66 ± 9.11 | 36.38 ± 8.12** | 0.021 |
| APC | 0.38 ± 11.13 | 0.92 ± 7.60 | 31.90 ± 7.13†‡ | 0.005 |
| ATM | 1.05 ± 12.42 | 11.23 ± 8.49 | 28.88 ± 7.97† | 0.023 |
| BMP6 | 0.32 ± 11.58 | 6.54 ± 7.66 | 35.67 ± 7.22** † | 0.003 |
| CAV1 | 0.40 ± 12.06 | 5.61 ± 7.94 | 30.13 ± 7.31** † | 0.015 |
| CADM1 | 6.79 ± 11.50 | 6.71 ± 7.83 | 25.32 ± 7.20 | 0.096 |
| CDKN1B | 5.68 ±12.53 | 5.81 ± 8.67 | 39.52 ± 8.44†‡ | 0.012 |
| CDKN2B | 0.04 ± 12.68 | 11.79 ± 8.38 | 29.90 ± 7.90† | 0.028 |
| CHFR | 0.01 ± 12.58 | 7.37 ± 8.32 | 36.99 ± 7.85** § | 0.004 |
| CST6 | 71.16 ± 7.74 | 79.94 ± 5.07 | 84.63 ± 4.81 | 0.147 |
| DAB2IP | 5.75 ± 13.39 | 8.28 ± 8.18 | 25.44 ± 7.57 | 0.110 |
| DAPK1 | 12.23 ± 13.99 | 13.53 ± 10.50 | 49.23 ± 8.52‡† | 0.011 |
| DSC3 | 22.37 ± 15.65 | 7.78 ± 10.72 | 27.72 ± 10.01 | 0.521 |
| EPB41L3 | 1.38 ± 10.69 | 4.01 ± 7.06 | 23.53 ± 6.86** † | 0.024 |
| FHIT | 0.06 ± 12.76 | 10.42 ± 8.72 | 33.32 ± 7.95† | 0.018 |
| GADD45A | 5.30 ± 14.39 | 11.36 ± 8.79 | 36.39 ± 8.14** | 0.025 |
| GPC3 | 45.13 ± 9.78 | 47.94 ± 6.67 | 63.06 ± 5.95 | 0.067 |
| HOXA5 | 4.26 ± 11.04 | 1.25 ± 7.53 | 26.80 ± 6.72‡ | 0.029 |
| HOXD11 | 24.02 ± 14.31 | 15.78 ± 9.51 | 36.89 ± 9.36 | 0.287 |
| BRCA2 | 24.20 ± 15.49 | 35.98 ± 10.09 | 31.17 ± 9.50 | 0.837 |
| CALCA | 17.42 ± 10.28 | 21.35 ± 6.99 | 41.20 ± 6.43** | 0.026 |
| CDX2 | 11.91 ± 13.60 | 14.39 ± 9.26 | 31.85 ± 8.42 | 0.135 |
| CXCL12 | 15.88 ± 13.67 | 7.88 ± 9.33 | 43.72 ± 8.33‡ | 0.025 |
| CYP1B1 | 38.58 ± 14.73 | 53.16 ± 13.38 | 75.07 ± 10.29† | 0.048 |
Data are means ± SE. Reduced fetal growth for gestation was defined as infant birth weight <25th percentile for gestational age using a standard which adjusts for parity, infant gender and ethnicity. AGA, infant birth weight was appropriate for gestational age. One term control with reduced fetal growth was excluded from the analysis.
Models were also adjusted for age, BMI and cigarette smoking.
p<0.05 vs. group 2 (ranges of p was 0.028 to 0.045)
p<0.05 vs. group 1 (ranges of p was 0.018 to 0.043)
p<0.01 vs. group 2 (ranges of p was 0.01 to 0.007)
p<0.01 vs. group 1 (ranges of p was 0.01 to 0.008)