Figure 1.
A) Fibrosis is strongly influenced by extracellular matrix cues, presence of soluble and ECM-bound TGF-β1, and matrix stiffness. All three of these features are regulated by myofibroblastic activity, in addition to being able to modulate one another. B) Examples of 3-D in vitro approaches used to mimic the three aforementioned features, and outcomes that signify fibrosis.