Table 3.

Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of diagnosed diabetes and HbA_1c category with any functional disability after adjustment for demographics, health behaviors, and comorbidities among ARIC Study participants at visit 5, 2011–2013 (N=5,035)^*

Normoglycemia (vs. HbA1c Category)		Crude		Model 1: Crude + Demographics		Model 2: Model 1 + Health behaviors		Model 3: Model 2 + Comorbidities
		PR	95% CI	PR	95% CI	PR	95% CI	PR	95% CI
No Diabetes	<5.7% (39 mmol/mol)	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
	5.7% (39 mmol/mol) to 6.5% (48 mmol/mol)	1.12	1.04, 1.20	1.07	1.00, 1.14	1.07	1.00, 1.14	1.02	0.96, 1.09
	≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol)	1.27	1.05, 1.54	1.18	0.97, 1.42	1.13	0.93, 1.36	1.05	0.87, 1.27
Diagnosed Diabetes	<7.0% (53 mmol/mol)	1.41	1.31, 1.50	1.32	1.24, 1.41	1.24	1.16, 1.32	1.13	1.06, 1.21
	7.0% (53 mmol/mol) to 8.0% (64 mmol/mol)	1.53	1.39, 1.68	1.43	1.30, 1.57	1.32	1.21, 1.45	1.16	1.06, 1.27
	≥8.0% (64 mmol/mol)	1.59	1.42, 1.78	1.48	1.33, 1.65	1.37	1.23, 1.52	1.17	1.05, 1.30

^*Functional disability was defined as self-reported difficulty performing a task essential to independent living. Demographics include sex, age, race, education, employment status, marital status, and income. Health behaviors include smoking, drinking, and physical activity. Comorbidities include obesity, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, peripheral arterial disease, coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, and history of fracture-related hospitalizations