Table 2.
Effects of health shocks on the log of household expenditures and income
| Pooled OLS | Household FE | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Days unable to do regular activity | Days in bed | Hospitalization | Days unable to do regular activity | Days in bed | Hospitalization | |
| Total consumption expenditures (non‐health) | −0.027*** (0.006) | −0.022*** (0.007) | −0.035* (0.021) | −0.004 (0.005) | −0.002 (0.006) | 0.011 (0.017) |
| Food expenditures | −0.019*** (0.005) | −0.019*** (0.006) | −0.035** (0.018) | −0.009** (0.004) | −0.004 (0.006) | 0.004 (0.016) |
| Non‐food expenditures (non‐health) | −0.034*** (0.008) | −0.028*** (0.010) | −0.028 (0.029) | −0.001 (0.007) | −0.000(0.009) | 0.035 (0.024) |
| Education expenditures | −0.123*** (0.035) | −0.129*** (0.048) | −0.327** (0.129) | −0.048 (0.031) | −0.107** (0.044) | −0.264** (0.113) |
| Health expenditures | 0.471*** (0.016) | 0.584*** (0.022) | 1.372*** (0.062) | 0.397*** (0.020) | 0.484*** (0.027) | 1.118*** (0.069) |
| Total earned income | −0.072*** (0.017) | −0.072*** (0.021) | −0.207*** (0.072) | −0.028** (0.013) | −0.016 (0.016) | −0.027 (0.049) |
OLS, ordinary least squares; FE, fixed effects.
Outcomes are transformed into a natural logarithm form. Each coefficient is from a separate regression model. The dependent/independent variable of interest is listed in the row/column heading.
N = 1552 households. All regressions include time‐community interaction terms. The OLS regressions include all household and head characteristics shown in Table 1.
The FE regressions include time‐varying regressors only (for more specifics, please see text).
Source: Authors' calculations based on 2004, 2006, and 2008 Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey data.
Significance at 1% level;
Significance at 5% level;
Significance at 10% level.