Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients
| Abstinence group (N = 36) | Non-abstinence group (N = 72) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | |||
| Age, y | 41.0 (35.3 – 53.8) | 44.0 (37.0 – 55.0) | 0.379 |
| Females | 30 (83.3 %) | 54 (75.0 %) | 0.326 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 21.3 (19.5 – 24.4) | 22.8 (20.5 – 24.6) | 0.141 |
| Disease duration, years | 10.0 (4.8 – 21.0) | 4.5 (2.0 – 10.0) | 0.010 |
| Type of primary headache | 0.637 | ||
| Migraine without aura | 26 (72.2 %) | 55 (76.4 %) | |
| Migraine with aura | 10 (27.8 %) | 17 (23.6 %) | |
| Chronic migraine | 12 (33.3 %) | 21 (29.2 %) | 0.658 |
| Allodynia (ASC ≥3) | 9 (25.0 %) | 15 (22.1 %) | 0.735 |
| Headache days (/month) | 9.0 (3.0 – 20.0) | 9.0 (4.0 – 25.0) | 0.546 |
| Severity of headache (numeric rating scale) | 7.0 (6.1 - 8.5) | 7.0 (6.0 - 8.3) | 0.967 |
| HIT-6 score | 63.0 (60.0 – 67.5) | 60.0 (56.0 – 65.0) | 0.018 |
| Pretreatment HADS score | 14.0 (11.5 – 17.0) | 13.0 (10.0 – 20.0) | 0.888 |
| Psychiatric comorbidity | |||
| Depression | 9 (36.0 %) | 20 (46.5 %) | 0.398 |
| Anxiety disorder | 12 (46.2 %) | 16 (37.2 %) | 0.463 |
| Estimated dose of caffeinated drinks (mg/day) | 192.0 (96.0 – 192.0) | 192.0 (96.0 – 288.0) | 0.285 |
| Prophylactic medication | 25 (34.7 %) | 17 (47.2 %) | 0.209 |
| Topiramate | 5 (13.9 %) | 5 (6.9 %) | 0.241 |
| Beta-blockers | 12 (33.3 %) | 15 (20.8 %) | 0.157 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 14 (38.9 %) | 11 (15.3 %) | 0.006 |
| Antidepressants | 11 (30.6 %) | 17 (23.6 %) | 0.438 |
| Antiemetics combination | 25 (69.4 %) | 49 (68.1 %) | 0.884 |
| Follow-up | |||
| Follow-up interval (days) | 31.0 (28.0 – 84.3) | 35.0 (20.3 – 87.5) | 0.894 |
| Estimated dose of caffeinated drinks during follow-up (mg/day) | 0.0 (0.0 – 0.0) | 96.0 (96.0 – 168.0) | <0.001 |
| <200 | 54 (75.0 %) | ||
| ≥200 | 18 (25.0 %) | ||
| Headache days in the last month | 8.5 (4.0 – 15.0) | 7.0 (3.0 – 12.0) | 0.330 |
| Severity of headache (numeric rating scale) | 5.5 (4.0 - 7.0) | 6.0 (4.8 - 7.0) | 0.117 |
| Acute medication use in the last month | 5.0 (4.0 – 10.0) | 5.0 (3.5 – 7.5) | 0.369 |
| HIT-6 score a | 59.0 (52.0 – 65.0) | 60.0 (55.0 – 62.0) | 0.547 |
| HIT-6 improvement a | 5.0 (1.0 – 10.0) | 2.0 (-2.3 – 7.0) | 0.085 |
| ACT score | 4.0 (2.3 – 4.0) | 3.0 (1.0 – 4.0) | 0.002 |
| ACT = 4 | 26 (72.2 %) | 29 (40.3 %) | 0.002 |
Values are presented as N (%) or median (interquartile range)
Abbreviations: SD standard deviation, BMI body mass index, HADS headache depression and anxiety scale, HIT-6 headache impact test-6, ACT assessment of current treatment
a HIT-6 scores were compared only in 79 patients with follow-up of >1 month