Table 3.
Univariate Cox regression analysis.
| # | Local control | Regional control | Distant control | Progression-free survival | Overall survival | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95%CI) | P | HR (95%CI) | P | HR (95%CI) | P | HR (95%CI) | P | HR (95%CI) | P | ||
| T-category†* | 1.77 (1.2–2.7) | 0.006 | 1.54 (0.9–2.6) | 0.11 | 1.37 (1.0–1.9) | 0.07 | 1.46 (1.1–1.9) | 0.005 | 1.28 (1.0–1.6) | 0.05 | |
| N-category†* | 0.45 (0.3–0.7) | 0.002 | 0.93 (0.6–1.5) | NS | 1.1 (0.79–1.5) | NS | 0.90 (0.7–1.2) | NS | 1.02 (0.8–1.3) | NS | |
| Stage†* | 1.07 (0.7–1.5) | NS | 1.18 (0.7–1.9) | NS | 1.34 (1.0–1.9) | 0.06 | 1.10 (0.9–1.5) | NS | 1.23 (1.0–1.5) | 0.07 | |
| Histology | NS | NS | 0.19 | NS | 0.01 | ||||||
| Non-keratinizing (reference) | 125 | ||||||||||
| Keratinizing | 11 | 2.18 (0.5–9.7) | NS | 2.86 (0.6–13.3) | 0.18 | No events | NS | 1.30 (0.4–4.3) | NS | 2.30 (0.8–6.6) | 0.13 |
| Basaloid | 2 | No events | NS | No events | NS | No events | NS | No events | NS | No events | NS |
| Unknown | 39 | 1.75 (0.7–4.6) | NS | 0.42 (0.1–3.3) | NS | 2.39 (1.1–5.2) | 0.03 | 1.96 (1.1–3.7) | 0.03 | 2.55 (1.4–4.5) | 0.002 |
| Smoking status‡ | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||||||
| Never (reference) | 92 | ||||||||||
| Former | 54 | 0.96 (0.4–2.6) | NS | 2.26 (0.6–8.4) | NS | 0.95 (0.4–2.2) | NS | 1.07 (0.6–2.0) | NS | 1.60 (0.9–2.9) | 0.12 |
| Current | 31 | 1.17 (0.4–3.7) | NS | 2.47 (0.6–11.0) | NS | 0.85 (0.3–2.6) | NS | 1.00 (0.5–2.2) | NS | 1.67 (0.8–3.3) | 0.15 |
| Smoking pack-years | 1.01 (0.98–1.03) | NS | 1.02 (0.99–1.04) | 0.17 | 1.00 (0.98–1.03) | NS | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | 0.001 | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | 0.001 | |
| Ethnicity | NS | NS | <0.001 | 0.002 | NS | ||||||
| White♯ (reference) | 89 | ||||||||||
| Black♯ | 16 | No events | NS | No events | NS | 2.18 (0.6–8.1) | NS | 0.97 (0.3–3.3) | NS | 1.02 (0.4–2.6) | NS |
| Asian | 55 | 1.30 (0.5–3.1) | NS | 1.08 (0.3–3.8) | NS | 1.79 (0.7–4.4) | NS | 1.50 (0.8–2.8) | NS | 0.79 (0.4–1.4) | NS |
| Hispanic/Latino | 14 | 0.84 (0.1–6.6) | NS | 2.78 (0.6–13.8) | NS | 1.85 (0.4–8.6) | NS | 1.78 (0.6–5.2) | NS | 1.08 (0.3–3.5) | NS |
| Unknown | 3 | No events | NS | No events | NS | 23.6 (6.2–90) | <0.001 | 13.0 (3.8–45) | <0.001 | 3.12 (0.4–23.4) | NS |
| Gender‖ | 1.54 (0.6–4.2) | NS | 1.42 (0.4–5.3) | NS | 1.34 (0.6–3.2) | NS | 1.44 (0.8–2.8) | NS | 1.24 (0.7–2.2) | NS | |
| Age at diagnosis† | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) | 0.02 | 1.03 (0.99–1.07) | NS | 1.02 (0.99–1.04) | NS | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) | 0.03 | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) | 0.03 | |
| Chemotherapy | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||||||
| Concurrent + adjuvant (reference) | 126 | ||||||||||
| Concurrent only | 24 | 1.34 (0.4–4.7) | NS | 0.68 (0.1–5.4) | NS | 1.23 (0.4–3.6) | NS | 1.08 (0.5–2.6) | NS | 1.54 (0.7–3.2) | NS |
| Neoadjuvant + concurrent | 8 | 1.76 (0.2–13.4) | NS | 2.69 (0.3–21.3) | NS | 1.07 (0.1–8.0) | NS | 1.22 (0.3–5.1) | NS | 0.77 (0.1–5.6) | NS |
| None | 19 | 1.39 (0.4–4.8) | NS | 0.71 (0.1–5.6) | NS | 0.30 (0.04–2.3) | NS | 0.67 (0.2–1.9) | NS | 0.64 (0.2–1.8) | NS |
Abbreviations: HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence intervals; NS: not significant (p values displayed if <0.2)
†
Analyzed as an ordinal variable.
*
American Joint Committee on Cancer 7th edition.
‡
’Never’ defined as less than 100 cigarettes life-time. ‘Former’ defined as smoking cessation for at least 12 months.
‖
Hazard associated with male gender.
♯
Non-hispanic/latino ethnicity.