Table 1.
Demographics and CANTAB performance data for participants with BD and HC
| Participant s with BD |
HC Participant s |
BD vs. HC | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | (N=75) | (N= 130) | ||||
|
Mea n |
SD | Mean | SD |
t (203 ) |
p | |
| Age (years) | 16.5 | 4.5 | 17.6 | 4.9 | 1.51 | 0.13 |
| FSIQ | 106.4 | 10. 9 |
111.4 | 11. 3 |
3.11 | 0.002 |
| N | % | N | % |
X2 (2) |
p | |
| Male | 45 | 60. 0 |
64 | 49. 2 |
2.22 | 0.14 |
| Female | 30 | 40. 0 |
66 | 50. 8 |
||
| White a | 64 | 88. 9 |
97 | 75. 8 |
5.04 | 0.03 |
| Non-white a | 8 | 11. 1 |
31 | 24. 2 |
||
| Performance Measure |
Mea n |
SD | Mean | SD |
t (203 ) |
p |
| ID/ED Errors | ||||||
| All Stages | 7.9 | 3.4 | 6.5 | 2.9 | 3.18 | 0.002 |
| Reversal-Stages | 5.1 | 2.3 | 3.9 | 1.4 | 4.54 | <0.00 1 |
| Non-Reversal-Stages | 2.8 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 0.75 | 0.45 |
| Simple-Reversal-Stage | 1.9 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 2.27 | 0.03 |
| Compound-Reversal-Stage | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 3.69 | <0.00 1 |
| Intradimensional-Compound-Reversals | 1.4 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 2.66 | 0.01 |
| ID/ED Latencies | ||||||
| All Stages b | 106.1 | 51. 7 |
105.3 | 42. 7 |
0.13 | 0.90 |
| Reversal-Stages b | 35.2 | 24. 4 |
30.2 | 22. 0 |
1.51 | 0.13 |
| Non-Reversal-Stages b | 70.9 | 33. 7 |
75.1 | 28. 7 |
0.94 | 0.35 |
| SSP | ||||||
| Length | 6.0 | 1.4 | 7.1 | 1.4 | 5.00 | <0.00 1 |
| Errors | 13.6 | 6.3 | 13.5 | 7.0 | 0.17 | 0.86 |
| Usage Errors | 2.2 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.33 | 0.185 |
| SOC | ||||||
| Total Moves | 71.1 | 9.5 | 65.7 | 8.1 | 4.31 | <0.00 1 |
| Problems Solved in Minimum Moves | 7.7 | 2.2 | 9.1 | 2.0 | 4.44 | <0.00 1 |
| Total Initial Thinking Time (seconds) | 50.6 | 40. 1 |
70.2 | 48. 4 |
2.95 | 0.004 |
| Total Subsequent Thinking Time (seconds) |
7.5 | 10. 0 |
6.3 | 6.8 | 1.07 | 0.29 |
a
Three participants with BD and two HC did not report their race.
b
One BD participants' latencies were not recorded.
Legend: BD=Bipolar Disorder; FSIQ=Full-scale IQ; HC=Healthy comparison; ID/ED=Intradimensional/Extradimensional Shift; SD=standard deviation; SOC=Stockings-of-Cambridge; SSP=Spatial span.