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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Aug 30.
Published in final edited form as: Psychiatry Res. 2016 May 24;242:218–225. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.05.017

Table 3.

Correlations between SDB, daytime sleepiness, depression, loneliness, and school performance

N‡ Mean (SD) PSDB SSDB DS Depression Loneliness Chinese Math
Parent-reported SDB (PSDB) (any) a 2556 3.66 (1.42)
Self-reported SDB (SSDB) (any) a 3395 3.33 (0.91) 0.119***
Daytime sleepiness(DS) 3374 10.01 (12.38) 0.087*** 0.310***
Depression 3833 18.17 (4.23) 0.110*** 0.241*** 0.308***
Loneliness 3857 28.45 (11.26) 0.092*** 0.211*** 0.248*** 0.652***
Chinese 3616 3.62 (1.03) −0.052* −0.127*** −0.067*** −0.272*** −0.272***
Math 3615 3.65 (1.09) −0.056** −0.110*** −0.072*** −0.271*** −0.264*** 0.807***
English 3617 3.68 (1.12) −0.032 −0.128*** −0.083*** −0.283 −0.275*** 0.822*** 0.795***
‡

Number of students differed across sample characteristics due to missing values.

a

SDB (any): any of the SDB symptoms in samples with complete data of three SDB items, a proxy to the general SDB status.

*

P value of correlation is < 0.05.

**

P value of correlation is < 0.01.

***

P value of correlation is < 0.001.

SDB was positively related to child daytime sleepiness, depression, and loneliness and negatively related to grades on Chinese, Math, and English. Daytime sleepiness was positively related to depression and loneliness, and negatively related to grades on the 3 subjects.