Table 5.

Associations of SDB and daytime sleepiness (both parent- and self-report) with depression and loneliness (OR, 95%CI)

	Depression			Loneliness
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Parent-reported SDB (any)
No/rarely	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Sometimes	2.10 (1.54-2.85)***	1.72 (1.20-2.47)**	1.63 (1.09-2.43)*	1.59 (1.14-2.21)**	1.54 (1.05-2.24)*	1.45 (0.96-2.21)
Usually	2.03 (1.35-3.05)**	1.74 (0.99-3.05)	1.31 (0.67-2.57)	1.28 (0.80-2.05)	0.98 (0.51-1.88)	1.03 (0.52-2.04)
Daytime sleepiness	1.19 (1.15-1.23)***	1.19 (1.15-1.23)***	1.18 (1.13-1.24)***	1.15 (1.12-1.19)***	1.16 (1.12-1.20)***	1.17 (1.11-1.22)***
Self-reported SDB (any)
No/rarely	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Sometimes	2.83 (2.11-3.79)***	2.41 (1.71-3.41)***	1.93 (1.31-2.83)**	1.99 (1.44-2.76)***	1.89 (1.30-2.74)***	1.63 (1.08-2.43)*
Usually	4.27 (3.03-6.01)***	3.27 (2.15-4.98)***	1.47 (0.88-2.46)	4.16 (2.94-5.87)***	3.09 (2.01-4.75)***	1.66 (1.00-2.76)*
Daytime sleepiness#	1.19 (1.15-1.23)***	1.19 (1.15-1.23)***	1.17 (1.13-1.22)***	1.15 (1.12-1.19)***	1.16 (1.12-1.20)***	1.15 (1.10-1.20)***

Model 1 Unadjusted. Model 2 adjusted for age, sex, school, father's education, mother's education. Model 3 adjusted for variables in Model 2 and daytime sleepiness.

^#Daytime sleepiness and SDB entered Model 1 and 2 separately.

SDB: sleep disordered breathing; OR: odds ratio.

^*P value of correlation is < 0.05.

^**P value of correlation is < 0.01.

^***P value of correlation is < 0.001.

Both self- and parent-reported SDB as well as daytime sleepiness were associated with depression and anxiety. In adjusted models, the magnitudes and statistical significance of the associations changed, parent-reported SDB in particular.