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Comparison of ENM and ambient UFP
| Particle Type | ENM | UFP |
|---|---|---|
| Sources | Engineered (controlled synthesis) |
Incidental (combustion) |
| Morphology | Regular (sphere, tube, cube, rod, wire, plate) |
Irregular |
| Homogeneity | Yes | No |
| Organic Chemical Content | Low | High |
| Metal Impurity | Varies | High |
| ROS Generation | Varies | Yes |
| Exposure Route | Inhalation, skin, ingestion, injection | Inhalation |
| Adverse Health Effects | Unknown | Yes |
