. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Aug 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016 Apr 6;138(2):386–396. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.02.023

Table 3.

Nanomaterials used in commercial products and their potential exposure route

Type of NP	Products	Exposure Routs	References
Fumed silica	Food, pharmaceutics, rubber, plastics, paints, desiccants, and cosmetics	Lung, gastrointestinal tract	^{22, 23}
Silver	Filter, inks, food package, clothing, surgical masks, cosmetics, sprays	Lung, gastrointestinal tract	^{24, 25}
Carbon nanotubes	Coating, film, microelectronics, composite materials, energy storage, biotechnology	Lung, skin	²⁶
Graphene and Graphene oxide	Water purification, coating, battery electrode, medicine, transistors	Lung, skin	²⁷
Titanium dioxide	Sunscreen, food	Skin, gastrointestinal tract	²⁸
Molybdenum disulfide	Lubricant spray, petroleum refining	Lung	²⁹