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. 2016 Aug 8;10:358. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00358

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Copyright © 2016 Baskakov and Katorcha.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Structural diversity of Sias. Structures of two most common types of Sias, Neu5Ac, and Neu5Gc (A), and a diagram illustrating the differences in Sias synthesized in humans vs. non-human mammals (B). Structural diversity of Sias epitopes are achieved via naturally occurring modifications of Sias at 1-, 4-, 5-, 7-, 8-, or 9-carbon positions (C) and/or variations due to sulfation of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine that produce several Lewis glycoepitope families (D). Panel (D) shows only a small subset of possible sulfated variants.