Table 5.
Intakes of other food groups for non-consumers v. consumers and across tertiles of whole-grain (WG) intake from 24-h recall
(Mean values)
| Non-consumers (n 346) | All WG consumers (n 215) | P* | Tertile 1 (n 71) | Tertile 2 (n 72) | Tertile 3 (n 72) | P† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WG intake (g/d) | 0 | 25·98 | <0·001 | 3·82 | 15·42 | 58·39 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 17·36 | 17·37 | 0·999 | 16·95 | 17·02 | 18·12 | 0·523 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 60·68 | 60·91 | 0·776 | 60·62 | 60·45 | 61·67 | 0·601 |
| Physical activity level | 1·91 | 1·93 | 0·136 | 1·93 | 1·94 | 1·93 | 0·281 |
| Food group intakes (g/d) | |||||||
| Milk and milk products | 76·69 | 125·54 | <0·001 | 148·07 | 116·92 | 111·93 | <0·001 |
| Cheese | 2·81 | 4·63 | 0·033 | 3·23 | 2·93 | 7·72 | <0·001 |
| Yogurts and dairy puddings | 2·71 | 7·11 | 0·064 | 10·16 | 3·51 | 7·69 | 0·001 |
| Eggs and egg dishes | 25·66 | 25·68 | 0·992 | 19·15 | 31·37 | 26·44 | 0·894 |
| Fats and spreads | 0·95 | 1·24 | 0·286 | 0·84 | 1·13 | 1·76 | 0·068 |
| White meat (chicken, duck, frog) | 59·71 | 59·32 | 0·942 | 72·77 | 49·18 | 56·21 | 0·477 |
| Red meat (beef, lamb, pork) | 37·51 | 44·00 | 0·123 | 38·55 | 45·90 | 47·46 | 0·063 |
| Fish and fish dishes (including shellfish) | 59·21 | 53·79 | 0·316 | 46·91 | 62·64 | 51·74 | 0·681 |
| Meat alternatives/vegetable proteins | 12·97 | 11·75 | 0·671 | 10·10 | 7·21 | 17·92 | 0·918 |
| Fruit | 56·47 | 88·96 | <0·001 | 63·32 | 108·76 | 94·45 | <0·001 |
| Vegetables (including salad) | 52·91 | 85·59 | <0·001 | 59·53 | 91·69 | 105·19 | <0·001 |
| Potatoes | 18·34 | 18·17 | 0·952 | 17·69 | 16·15 | 20·67 | 0·795 |
| Pasta, rice and other cereals | 354·03 | 342·17 | 0·414 | 300·73 | 374·06 | 351·13 | 0·477 |
| White bread | 37·32 | 31·35 | 0·134 | 36·47 | 28·75 | 28·91 | 0·031 |
| WG bread | 0·00 | 10·23 | <0·001 | 1·52 | 11·61 | 17·45 | <0·001 |
| Ready-to-eat breakfast cereals | 1·60 | 8·98 | <0·001 | 10·40 | 7·04 | 9·52 | <0·001 |
| Snacks (biscuits, crackers, crisps, snacks) | 16·23 | 13·54 | 0·300 | 13·38 | 9·96 | 17·26 | 0·179 |
| Buns, cakes, pastries, pancakes | 45·02 | 44·44 | 0·918 | 50·00 | 49·51 | 33·88 | 0·590 |
| Desserts | 4·02 | 8·27 | 0·082 | 6·97 | 10·87 | 6·96 | 0·024 |
| Confectionery | 4·65 | 4·55 | 0·931 | 4·33 | 3·47 | 5·86 | 0·301 |
*
t Test of mean difference between non-consumers v. consumers.
†
Test for trend across non-consumers and tertiles of intake. P < 0·05 shows significant difference/trends. No comparisons have been adjusted for confounding factors.