Table 2.

Intake of fifty individual polyphenols for the identified clusters – phenolic acids and other polyphenols^*

(Mean values and standard deviations; number of subjects and percentages)

	Cluster 1		Cluster 2		Cluster 3		Cluster 4
	Mean	sd	Mean	sd	Mean	sd	Mean	sd	P†
Subjects
n	352		1355		1456		1929
%	22·2		22·2		23·9		31·7
Phenolic acids
Hydroxybenzoic acids
Gallic acid (mg/d)	18·0‡	12·28	13·4	11·14	8·9	10·99	8·8§	8·38	<0·001
5-O-Galloylquinic acid (mg/d)	27·0‡	30·17	12·4	21·98	17·6	27·20	4·8§	12·35	<0·001
Hydroxycinnamic acids
4-p-Coumaroylquinic acid (mg/d)	3·0‡	2·21	2·2	1·88	2·7	2·26	1·8§	1·65	<0·001
Caffeic acid (mg/d)	5·5	2·39	5·6‡	2·50	2·5§	1·37	4·8	2·73	<0·001
Ferulic acid (mg/d)	8·0	2·51	7·9§	2·56	8·5‡	3·47	8·0	2·82	<0·001
Caffeoyl tartaric acid (mg/d)	6·7	4·40	6·9‡	4·49	0·9§	1·85	5·1	4·98	<0·001
3-Caffeoylquinic acid (mg/d)	53·1§	59·55	110·6	26·41	69·2	48·25	249·2‡	97·10	<0·001
4-Caffeoylquinic acid (mg/d)	51·1§	65·94	118·6	27·17	69·5	52·37	276·9‡	110·36	<0·001
5-Caffeoylquinic acid (mg/d)	107·6§	81·29	186·6	39·97	131·6	66·89	374·7‡	133·51	<0·001
5-Feruloylquinic acid (mg/d)	9·4§	12·91	22·9	5·36	13·2	10·37	54·1‡	21·64	<0·001
4-Feruloylquinic acid (mg/d)	6·9§	9·46	16·8	3·93	9·6	7·61	39·6‡	15·86	<0·001
3-Feruloylquinic acid (mg/d)	3·5§	4·62	8·3	1·93	4·9	3·69	19·4‡	7·73	<0·001
3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (mg/d)	1·8§	1·75	3·5	0·80	2·3	1·43	7·7‡	2·90	<0·001
3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (mg/d)	2·5§	2·96	5·6	1·25	3·4	2·37	12·7‡	4·95	<0·001
4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (mg/d)	1·6§	2·26	4·0	0·94	2·3	1·82	9·5‡	3·79	<0·001
Other polyphenols
Tyrosol (mg/d)	6·1	4·01	6·4‡	4·18	0·8§	1·65	4·7	4·61	<0·001

^*Mean intakes are calculated from residuals after taking into account energy intake.

^†P value from mean comparison by ANOVA.

^‡Clusters with the highest mean intake of individual polyphenols.

^§Clusters with the lowest mean intake of individual polyphenols.