Table 3.
Characteristics of the study population by polyphenol cluster (n 6092)
(Number of subjects and percentages; mean values and standard deviations)
| Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | P* | |
| Subjects | 1352 | 22·2 | 1355 | 22·2 | 1456 | 23·9 | 1929 | 31·7 | |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Men | 537 | 39·7 | 587 | 43·3 | 618 | 42·4 | 831 | 43·1 | 0·19 |
| Women | 815† | 60·3 | 768‡ | 56·7 | 838 | 57·6 | 1098 | 56·9 | |
| Educational level | |||||||||
| No diploma and primary | 229‡ | 17·1 | 291 | 21·9 | 282 | 19·7 | 443† | 23·3 | <0·0001 |
| Secondary | 551 | 41·2 | 522 | 39·3 | 538 | 37·5 | 718 | 37·8 | |
| University | 557 | 41·7 | 516 | 38·8 | 614† | 42·8 | 737 | 38·8 | |
| Smoking status | |||||||||
| Never smoker | 678 | 51·4 | 585 | 45·0 | 846 | 60·0 | 730 | 39·0 | <0·0001 |
| Former smoker | 488 | 37·0 | 548 | 42·1 | 466 | 33·0 | 785 | 42·0 | |
| Current smoker | 154 | 11·7 | 168 | 12·9 | 98‡ | 7·0 | 355† | 19·0 | |
| Physical activity | |||||||||
| Irregular | 326 | 24·4 | 350† | 26·5 | 319‡ | 22·4 | 483 | 25·4 | 0·01 |
| <1 h walking/d | 429 | 32·1 | 418 | 31·7 | 476† | 33·4 | 540‡ | 28·4 | |
| ≥1 h walking/d | 582 | 43·5 | 552‡ | 41·8 | 631 | 44·2 | 877† | 46·2 | |
| Age (years) | <0·0001 | ||||||||
| Mean | 49·5† | 49·4 | 47·9‡ | 48·4 | |||||
| sd | 6·37 | 6·16 | 6·64 | 6·28 | |||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | <0·0001 | ||||||||
| Mean | 23·8 | 24·3† | 23·6‡ | 24·2 | |||||
| sd | 3·50 | 3·61 | 3·64 | 3·62 | |||||
*
P from mean comparison by ANOVA.
†
Clusters with the highest mean intake of individual polyphenols.
‡
Clusters with the lowest mean intake of individual polyphenols.