Table 8.
Results of the randomised clinical trials examining the effect of soya isoflavone interventions on the risk factors for CHD in equol producers (EP) only
| First author, year | CHD risk factor measured | Effect of EP status on CHD risk factors | Result marker* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Liu et al. (2014)(39) | LDL-C, LDL-C:HDL-C, hsCRP, TAG, TC, HDL-C, glucose, NEFA, CIMT | Reductions from baseline after the whole soya intervention in LDL-C (−0·25 mmol/l; 95 % CI −0·19, −0·014), LDL-C:HDL-C (0·157; 95 % CI −0·318, 0·004) and hsCRP (−0·054 mg/l; 95 % CI −0·199, 0·012) compared with placebo. TAG were reduced at 6 months in the whole soya group compared with placebo (P < 0·05) | + |
| The soya intervention had a NS effect on TC, HDL-C, glucose, NEFA and CIMT compared with placebo. The daidzein intervention had a NS effect on the risk factors compared with placebo | 0 | ||
| Liu et al. (2015)(40) | 24 h, daytime, and night time DBP, SBP, MAP, %FMD | The soya and daidzein interventions had a NS effect on the risk factors compared with placebo | 0 |
| Liu et al. (2013)(41) | BW, BMI, waist and hip circumferences, waist:hip ratio, body fat percentage, fat mass, free-fat mass | The soya and daidzein interventions had a NS effect on the risk factors compared with placebo | 0 |
| Van der Velpen et al. (2014)(53) | Expression of inflammatory genes | Expression of inflammatory-related genes in the adipose tissue was up-regulated in EP and down-regulated in NEP in both isoflavone interventions. Further analysis identified a predominance of anti-inflammatory gene expression in EP | 0 |
| van der Velpen et al. (2013)(54) | Expression of inflammatory genes | The expression of 357 genes on a gene chip encoding 19 738 gene identifiers (1·8 %) significantly changed after isoflavone intervention in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of EP. There was a down-regulation of gene sets related to inflammation, driven by reduced TLR4, TIRAP and IL-1β gene expression and complement and coagulation gene sets | + |
LDL-C, LDL-cholesterol; HDL-C, HDL-cholesterol; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; TC, total cholesterol; CIMT, carotid artery intima-media thickness; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; FMD, flow-mediated dilation; BW, body weight; NEP, non-equol producers; TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4; TIRAP, toll–interleukin 1 receptor domain-containing adaptor protein.
+, Beneficial effect of EP status on risk factors of CHD after soya intervention; 0, negligible effect of EP status on CHD risk factors after soya intervention; –, adverse effect of EP status on risk factors of CHD after soya intervention.