Table 4.
ncRNAs and their contribution to events in the metabolic changes in cancer.
| ncRNA | Activity/Target | Cancer type | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUTOPHAGY | |||
| miR-30a | Autophagy induction/BECN1 | CML | Yu et al., 2012 |
| miR-17 | Vesicle nucleation and elongation/BECN1 and ATG7 | Lung, GBM | Comincini et al., 2013; Chatterjee et al., 2014 |
| miR-101 | Vesicle elongation/ATG4 | BRCA | Frankel et al., 2011 |
| miR-204 | Vesicle elongation/LC3 | RCC | Mikhaylova et al., 2012 |
| miR-375 | Vesicle elongation/ATG7 | Hepatic | Chang et al., 2012 |
| miR-23b | Vesicle elongation/ATG12 | Pancreatic | Wang et al., 2013 |
| miR-130a | Retrieval fusion/ATG2B | CLL | Kovaleva et al., 2012 |
| miR-34a | Retrieval fusion/ATG9 | BRCA | Li L. et al., 2013 |
| miR-182 | BCL-2 | Melanoma | Yan et al., 2012 |
| miR-210 | BCL-2 | Neuroblastoma | Chio et al., 2013 |
| miR-100 | mTOR pathway genes | Hepatic | Ge et al., 2014 |
| miR-224b | The miRNA is removed by the autophagosome-lysosome pathway | Hepatic | Lan et al., 2014 |
| lncRNA MEG3 | Suppressed autophagy activation | Bladder | Ying et al., 2013 |
| ANGIOGENESIS | |||
| miR-382↑, 21↑, 17–92↓, 467↑ | Pro-angiogenic: PTEN, RhoB, TSP-1 | GC, PCA, OvCa, BRCA | Fish et al., 2008; Ramøn et al., 2011; Bhattacharyya et al., 2012; Seok et al., 2014 |
| miR-218↓, 18a↑, 145↓, 22↓, 107 | Anti-angiogenic: PLCγ1/ARAF, mTOR, p70S6K1, HIF-1α, HIF-1β | GBM, GC, CCC | Yamakuchi et al., 2010, 2011; Zheng et al., 2013; Mathew et al., 2014 |
| MVIH | Inhibited activation of angiogenesis phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PKK1) | Yuan et al., 2012 | |
| EMT | |||
| miR-9 | It's regulated by c-myc and targets E-cadherin | BRCA | Martello et al., 2010 |
| miR-135b | It's regulated by hypoxia and regulates cell proliferation by modulating the hippo signaling pathway | CCC, HNSCC | Nagel et al., 2008; Lin et al., 2013 |
| miR-210 | Both miRNAs are being regulated by hypoxia and modulate TGF-β Signaling Pathway | BRCA, CRC | Huang et al., 2009; Volinia et al., 2012 |
| miR-21 | |||
| miR-138 | Modulates cell migration and invasion through targeting RhoC (Rho-related GTP-binding protein C) and ROCK2 (Rho-associated, coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 2) | HNSCC | Liu et al., 2011 |
| MALAT1 | Promotes activation of LTBP3, which at the same time regulates the bioavailability of TGF-β, a transduction signaling pathway for the transition. Also serves as sponge of miR-205. | Myeloma | Li B. et al., 2014 |
| lncRNA H19 | Modulates the expression of multiple genes involved in EMT by competing with miRNAs such as miR-138 and miR-200a, antagonizing their functions and stimulating the over-expression of Vimentin, ZEB1, and ZEB2. | CCC | Liang et al., 2015 |
| INFLAMMATION | |||
| miR-146b | Physiologically, is a target of STAT3, but in cancer its promoter is methylated, and consequently its down-modulation alters microRNA-mediated anti-inflammatory circuit. | BRCA | Xiang et al., 2014 |
| lncRNA Lethe | Induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines via NF-κB or glucocorticoid receptor agonists, and functions in a negative feedback signaling with NF-κB. | Rapicavoli et al., 2013 | |
| lnc-IL7R | Diminishes the LPS-induced inflammatory response (E-selectin, VCAM-1, IL-6, and IL-8) | Cui H. et al., 2014 | |
CCC, Colorectal cancer; GBM, glioblastoma; HNSCC, Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; PCA, Prostate Cancer; CML, Chronic myeloid leukemia; OvCa, Ovary cancer; BRCA, Breast cancer; GC, Gastric Cancer; ↑, up-expression; ↓, down-expression.