Figure 1. The structures of some cyclic peptide-based lipid II inhibitors.

(a) Enduracidins A and B were discovered in late 1960s by Nakazawa and Mizuno et al¹⁴,¹⁵. The structure of Ramoplanin was established in 1989 by Cavalleri et al¹⁶. Mannopeptimycin was isolated in 1950s and first elucidated around 2002 (ref. ¹⁷). (b) Teixobactin was discovered in 2015 as a new lipid II inhibitor⁴. Our synthetic disconnection of teixobactin was also described.