Table 1. Heritability (h ² ) of FID and its standard error (SE) estimated from the midparent-midoffspring and mother/father-offspring regressions for urban and rural burrowing owls.

Parent-offspring	Rural	Urban	Total
h2	0.69***	0.39**	0.64****
SE	0.22	0.14	0.11
n	15	66	81
	rural-urban	rural-total	urban-total
z	1.15	0.20	−1.40
P	0.2501	0.8415	0.1615
father-offspring†	rural	urban	total
h2	0.75**	0.15ns	0.43***
SE	0.37	0.22	0.19
n	20	83	103
	rural-urban	rural-total	urban-total
z	1.40	0.78	−0.97
P	0.1615	0.4354	0.3320
mother-offspring†	rural	urban	total
h2	0.80**	0.37*	0.63****
SE	0.36	0.26	0.22
n	20	76	96
	rural-urban	rural-total	urban-total
z	0.97	0.40	−0.76
P	0.3320	0.6892	0.4473
	father-mother rural	father-mother urban	father-mother
z	−0.10	−0.65	−0.69
P	0.9203	0.5157	0.4902

Significance of the estimate is shown (****P < 0.0001; ***P < 0.001; **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05; ns: P > 0.05). Heritability values are compared through z-test (z). n: sample size.

^†Values corrected for assortative mating: r_{urban birds} = 0.61, r_{rural birds} = 0.72, r_{all birds} = 0.78.