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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Aug 8.
Published in final edited form as: Kidney Int. 2015 Dec;88(6):1219–1221. doi: 10.1038/ki.2015.324

Figure 1. Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1 or M-CSF) produced by the proximal tubule polarizes renal macrophages and recovery from acute kidney injury (AKI).

Figure 1

Macrophage CSF-1 is upregulated in tubule epithelial cells in response to kidney injury stimuli and binds to its sole receptor, CSF-1R, in an autocrine and paracrine manner. Tissue production of CSF-1 can induce monocyte recruitment from the blood and proliferation and survival of tissue-resident macrophages, as well as skew macrophages toward an M2 phenotype.