Table 2.
Total feed and nutrient intake of goats supplemented with different levels of choline chloride through forced drinking during pregnancy and lactation periodsa
Variables | Level of choline chlorideb | SEM | P values | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
g/2days | |||||
0 | 4 | 8 | |||
Pregnancy period | |||||
Grass dry matter, g | 559 | 631 | 569 | 67.52 | 0.094 |
Total dry matter, g | 1177 | 1248 | 1187 | 67.47 | 0.095 |
Grass/Total dry matter, % | 47.43 | 50.36 | 47.72 | 2.93 | 0.112 |
Organic matter, g | 1045 | 1110 | 1054 | 60.78 | 0.095 |
Crude protein, g | 148 | 156 | 150 | 7.03 | 0.094 |
Total digestible nutrients, g | 805 | 853 | 812 | 44.76 | 0.094 |
Neutral detergent fiber, g | 558 | 609 | 565 | 47.78 | 0.091 |
Acid detergent fiber, g | 356 | 391 | 361 | 33.30 | 0.092 |
Crude fat, g | 34.83 | 35.69 | 34.97 | 0.81 | 0.098 |
Calcium, g | 17.90 | 18.09 | 17.93 | 0.18 | 0.091 |
Phosphorus, g | 4.40 | 4.53 | 4.30 | 0.24 | 0.176 |
Lactation period | |||||
Grass dry matter, g | 574 | 615 | 611 | 58.42 | 0.318 |
Total dry matter, g | 1192 | 1233 | 1228 | 58.46 | 0.315 |
Grass/Total dry matter, % | 47.97 | 49.83 | 49.62 | 2.36 | 0.250 |
Organic matter, g | 1058 | 1096 | 1092 | 52.60 | 0.307 |
Crude protein, g | 150 | 155 | 157 | 6.19 | 0.142 |
Total digestible nutrients, g | 836 | 865 | 862 | 41.00 | 0.314 |
Neutral detergent fiber, g | 569 | 598 | 595 | 41.52 | 0.317 |
Acid detergent fiber, g | 364 | 385 | 383 | 29.02 | 0.320 |
Crude fat, g | 35.00 | 35.50 | 35.47 | 0.70 | 0.286 |
Calcium, g | 17.93 | 18.04 | 18.04 | 0.15 | 0.289 |
Phosphorus, g | 4.42 | 4.51 | 4.50 | 0.11 | 0.227 |
aOn a dry matter basis
bBasal diet was supplemented with choline chloride through forced drinking technique
SEM = standard error of the means