Table 4.

Effect of choline chloride supplementation through forced drinking on milk yields, milk composition and milk constituent yields responses of goats

Variables	Level of choline chloride (g/2days)a			SEM	P values
	0	4	8
Average daily milk yields, ml/d	659d	771c	697cd	77.34	0.039
Average daily milk yields, g/d	678d	793c	717cd	77.34	0.039
Average daily 4 % FCM yields, g/d	756d	943c	870cd	91.28	0.004
Total milk yields 12 weeks, kg	56.90d	66.54c	60.18cd	6.53	0.034
Feed conversion ratiob	1.58c	1.31c	1.41d	0.07	<0.0001
Milk composition, %
Fat	4.77c	5.26d	5.42c	0.07	<0.0001
Protein	3.49d	3.61c	3.65c	0.10	0.012
Lactose	6.23d	6.28d	6.56c	0.09	<0.0001
Specific gravity	1.028	1.028	1.028	0.00	0.251
Solid non fat	10.19d	10.47c	10.45cd	0.09	0.009
Total solids	15.24d	15.45cd	15.87c	0.45	0.036
Milk constituents yields, g/d
Fat	32.29d	41.71c	38.86c	4.02	0.001
Protein	23.63d	28.63c	26.17cd	2.78	0.013
Lactose	42.18d	49.77c	47.00cd	6.46	0.039
Solid non fat	70.93d	80.76c	74.88c	10.63	0.009
Total solids	103.24d	122.45c	113.71cd	11.97	0.038
Income over feed cost, U$	0.93d	1.11c	0.97cd	1.883	0.037

^aBasal diet was supplemented with choline chloride through forced drinking technique

^bFeed conversion ratio = dry matter intake/4 % fat corrected milk yields

^c,dValues followed by different superscripts in the same row differ significantly (p < 0.05)

SEM standard error of the means

4 % fat corrected milk (FCM) = (0.4 x milk yields) + (0.15 x milk yields x % fat)