Table 3.

Summary of model pathways and direct and indirect effects of early adversity variables on offspring drinking at 16.

Variable	Estimated coeff. [standardized coeff.]	Coeff./S.E.	One-tailed p-value
Pathways to drinking at 16
Race	0.59 [0.25]	6.4	<0.001
Parental strictness	−0.07 [−0.23]	−5.8	<0.001
Maternal age	0.03 [0.13]	3.6	<0.001
Childhood maltreatment exposure	0.15 [0.11]	2.6	<0.01
Prenatal alcohol exposure	0.25 [0.09]	2.4	<0.01
Exposure to violence	0.10 [0.09]	2.4	<0.01
CBCL Externalizing behavior	0.009 [0.08]	2.0	<0.05
Offspring age at 16 assessment	0.13 [0.07]	1.9	<0.05
Pathways to CBCL externalizing
Maternal hostility	0.54 [0.24]	7.3	<0.001
Maternal depression	0.19 [0.18]	4.9	<0.001
Childhood exposure to violence	0.99 [0.11]	3.1	<0.001
Prenatal alcohol exposure	1.27 [0.05]	1.5	NS
Childhood maltreatment exposure	0.58 [0.05]	1.4	NS
Decomposition of direct and indirect effects of early adversity variables on offspring drinking
PAE
Indirect	0.011 [0.004]	1.19	0.12
Direct	0.252 [0.093]	2.38	0.01
Total	0.263 [0.097]	2.50	0.005
Childhood maltreatment exposure
Indirect	0.005 [0.004]	1.11	0.14
Direct	0.153 [0.108]	2.65	0.004
Total	0.158 [0.112]	2.75	0.003
Childhood violence exposure
Indirect	0.009 [0.008]	1.65	0.05
Direct	0.101 [0.095]	2.43	0.01
Total	0.110 [0.103]	2.63	0.005