Table 4.
Test results and estimated mean differences from mixed model repeated measures analysis for study outcomes
| Model Effectsa | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Outcome | Main Effects | Interaction | Comparisons* | Baseline | Discharge | 6-Weeks Post Discharge |
|
| ||||||
| Mean difference (95% CI) | ||||||
| Physiological Markers | ||||||
| Serum Cortisol, ng/dL | Time: F(2,39)=0.02, p=0.98 Group: F(1,39)=0.3.77, p=0.059 |
F(2,39)=0.6.71, p=0.003 | TP2: t39=−2.60, p=0.013 ES=0.81 TP3: t39=−2.29, p=0.028 ES=0.72 |
0.44 (−1.45, 2.34) | −2.50 (−4.45, −0.56) | −2.50 (−4.70, −0.29) |
| AM Salivary Cortisol | Time: F(2,39)=0.87, p=0.426 Group: F(1,39)=0.52, p=0.47 |
F(2,39)=2.76, p=0.075 | ----- | −81.58 (−188.25, 25.09) | 40.54 (−53.95, 135.04) | −37.57 (−125.92, 50.77) |
| Epinephrine, pg/mLb | Time: F(2,24)=1.35, p=0.278 Group: F(1,24)=0.76, p=0.393 |
F(2,24)=1.42, p=0.261 | ----- | 1.20 (−0.22, 2.63) | −0.25 (−2.64, 2.13) | 1.10 (−0.77, 2.96) |
| Norepinephrine, pg/mL b | Time: F(2,24)=3.51, p=0.046 Group: F(1,24)=0.03, p=0.86 |
F(2,24)=0.58, p=0.566 | CG TP1 vs TP2 t24=−2.55, p=0.018 ES=0.59 |
0.46 (−2.37, 3.28) | −0.61 (−3.04, 1.83) | −0.39 (−2.65, 1.88) |
| CAT-Turnover, pg/mL | Time: F(2,24)=0.47, p=0.631 Group: F(1,24)=1.22, p=0.28 |
F(2,24)=0.57, p=0.574 | ----- | −0.10 (−0.32, 0.12) | −0.02 (−0.26, 0.22) | −0.15 (−0.37, 0.06) |
| Inflammation Markers | ||||||
| IL-6, pg/mL b | Time: F(2,39)=0.17, p=0.84 Group: F(1,39)=0.15, p=0.70 |
F(2,39)=4.29, p=0.020 | Group and Time Contrast NS | 0.19 (−0.05, 0.43) | −0.08 (−0.25, 0.09) | −0.01 (−0.22, 0.19) |
| TNF-α, pg/mL c | Time: F(2,39)=6.53, p=0.0036 Group: F(1,39)=0.02, p=0.89 |
F(2,39)=1.68, p=0.198 | CG TP1 vs TP2 t39=−2.92, p=0.006 ES=0.60 |
0.24 (−0.22, 0.70) | −0.09 (−0.50, 0.32) | −0.23 (−0.67, 0.22) |
| Psychological | ||||||
| PSS d | Time: F(2,78)=0.85, p=0.432 Group: F(1,39)=37.26, p=0.0001 |
F(2,78)=0.34, p=0.713 | TP1: t78=5.73, p<0.0001 ES=1.79 TP2: t78=5.93, p<0.0001 ES=1.80 TP3: t78=5.27, p<0.0001 ES=1.64 |
12.77 (8.33, 17.20) | 12.90 (8.46, 17.33) | 11.74 (7.31, 16.18) |
| Anxiety d | Time: F(2,78)=0.10, p=0.909 Group: F(1,39)=29.38, p<0.0001 |
F(2,78)=0.14, p=0.87 | TP1: t78=4.40, p<0.0001 ES=1.37 TP2: t78=4.55, p<0.0001 ES=1.47 TP3: t78=4.86, p<0.0001 ES=1.52 |
6.90 (3.78, 10.02) | 7.39 (4.27, 10.51) | 7.62 (4.50, 10.74) |
| Depression d | Time: F(2,78)=0.99, p=0.376 Group: F(1,39)=24.12, p<0.0001 |
F(2,78)=0.04, p=0.961 | TP1: t78=4.32, p<0.0001 ES=1.35 TP2: t78=4.25, p<0.0001 ES=1.41 TP3: t78=4.40, p<0.0001 ES=1.38 |
6.26 (3.37, 9.15) | 6.57 (3.68, 9.45) | 6.38 (3.50, 9.27) |
Note.
a
Compound Symmetry Covariance Structure,
b
Square root transformation;
c
Log transformation,
d
Unstructured Covariance Structure.
CI, Confidence Interval; AM, Morning; CAT, Catecholamine; IL-6, Interleukin-6; TNF-α, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α; PSS, Perceived Stress Scale.
*
Significant comparisons only.