. 2016 Aug 8;11(8):e0160606. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160606

Table 5. Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics among patients with RSV, RV, MPV and PIV-3.

	Single RSV infection	Single RV infection		Single MPV infection		Single PIV-3 infections
	N = 201	N = 87	p-value	N = 17	p-value	N = 18	p-value
DEMOGRAPHIC
Median age in months (IQR)	6 (3–10)	8 (4–12)	0.09⁽¹⁾	11 (8–14)	0.02⁽¹⁾	9 (6–16)	0.05⁽¹⁾
Infant (less than 2months), n(%)	15 (7)	5 (6)		2 (12)		2 (11)
Infant (2 to 6months), n(%)	103 (51)	31 (36)		2 (12)		3 (17)
Infant (7 to 11months), n(%)	47 (24)	31 (36)		6 (35)		7 (39)
Infant (12 to 24months), n(%)	36 (18)	20 (23)		7 (41)		6 (33)
Male, n(%)	138 (69)	62 (71)	0.7⁽²⁾	12 (71)	0.9⁽²⁾	10 (56)	0.3⁽²⁾
Median number of household members (IQR)	4 (4–6)	4 (4–6)	0.7⁽¹⁾	4 (3–5)	0.3⁽¹⁾	4 (3–6)	0.4⁽¹⁾
Living with smokers, n (%)	102/196 (52)	51/86 (59)	0.3⁽²⁾	5 (29)	0.07⁽²⁾	12 (67)	0.2⁽²⁾
MEDICAL STORY
Median birth weight (kg) (IQR)	3.9 (2.2–3.3)	2.7 (2.3–3.2)	0.3⁽¹⁾	3.3 (2.8–3.8)	0.5⁽¹⁾	3 (2.6–3.4)	0.7⁽¹⁾
Breastfeeding, n(%)	148/197 (75)	59/86 (69)	0.3⁽²⁾	16 (94)	0.07⁽²⁾	13 (72)	0.8⁽²⁾
Premature birth, n(%)	20/199 (10)	14/85 (16)	0.1⁽²⁾	0/16 (0)	N.A	1/17 (6)	0.5⁽²⁾
Daycare, n (%)	25/197 (13)	10/84 (12)	0.9⁽²⁾	2/16 (13)	1.0⁽²⁾	5/18 (28)	0.08⁽²⁾
Previous hospitalization with respiratory illness, n (%)	22 (11)	23 (26)	0.001⁽²⁾	2 (12)	0.9⁽²⁾	3 (17)	0.5⁽²⁾
Other household members sick at home, n (%)	76/197 (39)	36/85 (42)	0.6⁽²⁾	5 (29)	0.5⁽²⁾	5 (28)	0.4⁽²⁾
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Fast breathing, n(%)	166 (83)	75 (86)	0.4⁽²⁾	14 (82)	1.0⁽²⁾	14 (78)	0.6⁽²⁾
Cyanosis, n(%)	6 (3)	3 (4)	N.A	0 (0)	N.A	0 (0)	N.A
Chest indrawings, n(%)	193 (96)	81 (94)	0.3⁽²⁾	15 (88)	0.1⁽²⁾	15 (83)	0.01⁽²⁾
Stridor, n(%)	1 (1)	1 (1)	0.5⁽²⁾	0 (0)	N.A	0 (0)	N.A
Wheezing, n(%)	192 (96)	76 (88)	0.01⁽²⁾	16 (94)	0.8⁽²⁾	17 (94)	0.8⁽²⁾
Fever (>37.5°C), n(%)	112 (56)	50 (57)	0.8⁽²⁾	7 (41)	0.2⁽²⁾	6 (33)	0.07⁽²⁾
Fever (≥ 38.5°C), n(%)	46 (23)	13 (15)	0.1⁽²⁾	5 (29)	0.5⁽²⁾	2 (11)	0.2⁽²⁾
Rash, n(%)	2 (1)	3 (3)	0.1⁽²⁾	0 (0)	N.A	1 (6)	0.1⁽²⁾
Runny nose, n(%)	181 (91)	70 (81)	0.03⁽²⁾	15 (88)	0.8⁽²⁾	17 (94)	0.5⁽²⁾
Low SpO₂, n(%)	19/140 (14)	6/60 (10)	0.5⁽²⁾	1/14 (7)	0.5⁽²⁾	1/17 (6)	0.4⁽²⁾
Median of duration of hospitalization (IQR)	6 (5–7)	6 (5–8)	0.02⁽¹⁾	6 (4–7)	0.9⁽¹⁾	6 (5–7)	0.9⁽¹⁾
Duration of hospitalization ≥ 7 days, n(%)	77 (38)	43 (49)	0.08⁽²⁾	7 (41)	0.8⁽²⁾	7 (39)	1.0⁽²⁾
High ALT, n(%)	54 (27)	16 (18)	0.1⁽²⁾	2 (12)	0.2⁽²⁾	3 (17)	0.3⁽²⁾
High AST, n(%)	44 (22)	9 (10)	0.02⁽²⁾	4 (23)	0.9⁽²⁾	3 (17)	0.6⁽²⁾
Median of number of white cells in blood (K/mm³) (IQR)	10 (8–14)	13 (11–17)	0.001⁽¹⁾	11 (9–13)	0.8⁽¹⁾	11 (8–17)	0.6⁽¹⁾
Severe cases, n(%)	36 (18)	22 (25)	0.2⁽²⁾	3 (18)	1.0⁽²⁾	3 (17)	1.0⁽²⁾
Median of clinical score (IQR)	6 (4–7) (n = 186)	5 (4–7) (n = 80)	0.5⁽¹⁾	5 (4–6)	0.4⁽¹⁾	4.5 (4–6)	0.02⁽¹⁾
DIAGNOSIS
Bronchiolitis, n(%)	162 (81)	65 (75)	0.3⁽²⁾	10 (59)	0.06⁽²⁾	9 (50)	0.005⁽²⁾
TREATMENTS
Antimicrobial agents, n(%)	169 (84)	62 (71)	0.01⁽²⁾	17 (100)	0.07⁽²⁾	17 (94)	0.2⁽²⁾
Corticosteroids, n(%)	9 (4)	6 (7)	0.4⁽²⁾	1 (6)	0.8⁽²⁾	0 (0)	N.A
Bronchodilators, n(%)	168 (84)	67 (77)	0.2⁽²⁾	9 (52)	0.002⁽²⁾	10 (56)	0.004⁽²⁾
Supplemental oxygen, n(%)	31 (15)	21 (24)	0.08⁽²⁾	2 (12)	0.7⁽²⁾	2 (11)	0.6⁽²⁾
OUTCOMES
Full recovery, n(%)	119/195 (61)	46/81 (57)	0.5⁽²⁾	11 (73)	0.8⁽²⁾	11 (65)	0.9⁽²⁾
Severe cases, n(%)	36 (18)	22 (25)	0.2⁽²⁾	3 (18)	1.0⁽²⁾	3 (17)	0.9⁽²⁾
Death, n(%)	0 (0)	1(1)	N.A	0 (0)	N.A	0 (0)	N.A

p-values were based on comparison with children having RSV single infections.

⁽¹⁾ Mann-Withney test,

⁽²⁾ Fisher’s exact test,

N.A: not applicable