APPENDIX EXHIBIT 1.
Change In Diet, Body Mass Index, Neighborhood Satisfaction and Perceived Access to Healthy Foods for Residents of Intervention and Comparison Neighborhoods, and Difference in Differences
|
Outcome |
Intervention Neighborhood (Hill District) |
Comparison Neighborhood (Homewood) |
Difference-in- Differences |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (SE) (n=571) |
Change + Mean (SE) (n=571) |
Baseline (SE) (n=260) |
Change + Mean (SE) (n=260) |
Change+ in HD - Change+ in HW (n=831) |
|
| Dietary quality (Healthy Eating Index-2010) |
48.3 (0.59) | −0.39 (0.64) | 48.6 (0.84) | −2.59 (0.92)** | 2.20* |
| Mean daily intakes | 1861 ( 53) | − 44 ( 51) | −178** | ||
| Total kilocalories | 1727 ( 31) | −222 (32)*** | |||
| Total fat as a percentage of total kilocalories (%) |
36.3 (0.36) | 0.35 (0.44) | 36.6 (0.51) | 0.51 (0.67) | −0.16 |
| Added sugars in grams | 14.3 (0.47) | −2.75 (0.49)*** | 15.1 (0.82) | 0.58 (0.92) | −3.34** |
| SoFAAS as a percentage of total kilocalories (%) |
33.2 (0.46) | −1.38 (0.56)** | 32.8 (0.63) | 1.72 (0.79)** | −3.11** |
| Fruits and vegetables in servings | 2.3 (0.07) | −0.27 (0.08)*** | 2.4 (0.11) | −0.13 (0.12) | −0.14 |
| Whole grains in ounces | 0.62 (1.03) | −0.08 (0.04)** | 0.50 (0.05) | −0.03 (0.06) | −0.05 |
| Body Mass Index | 30.4 (0.30) | 0.13 (0.14) | 30.8 (0.49) | 0.44 (0.19)** | −0.31 |
| Overweight or obese (%) | 77.0 (1.89) | 0.08 (1.17) | 78.2 (2.88) | −1.42 (1.44) | 1.50 |
| Obese (%) | 47.9 (2.18) | −1.52 (1.53) | 49.3 (3.33) | 0.34 (2.14) | −1.86 |
| Neighborhood satisfaction (%) | 66.6 (0.02) | 13.8 (2.3)*** | 55.9 (3.26) | 2.64 (3.60) | 11.1** |
| Perceived access to healthy foods (%) | |||||
| F&V easily accessible | 16.4 (1.64) | 55.9 (2.5)*** | 22.3 (2.81) | 5.1 (3.0)* | 50.8*** |
| F&V choice | 10.2 (1.27) | 56.2 (2.4)*** | 15.4 (2.31) | 7.9 (3.2)** | 48.4*** |
| F&V quality | 15.6 (1.6) | 44.6 (2.5)*** | 19.3 (2.57) | 5.4 (3.1)* | 39.3*** |
| F&V cost | 17.2 (1.66) | 31.0 (2.8)*** | 19.3 (2.67) | 7.3 (3.3)** | 23.6*** |
| WGP easily accessible | 18.5 (1.74) | 52.6 (2.4)*** | 27.3 (3.02) | 11.0 (3.7)** | 41.6*** |
| WGP choice | 12.0 (1.47) | 47.6 (2.5)*** | 14.5 (2.35) | 12.1 (3.2)*** | 35.5*** |
| WGP cost | 16.4 (1.67) | 37.2 (2.5)*** | 18.1 (2.60) | 9.8 (3.4)** | 27.4*** |
| LFP easily accessible | 17.2 (1.71) | 54.6 (2.45)*** | 21.9 (2.75) | 15.7 (3.5)*** | 38.8*** |
| LFP choice | 12.9 (1.52) | 47.3 (2.5)*** | 13.4 (2.22) | 14.0 (3.1)*** | 33.2*** |
| LFP cost | 14.0 (1.55) | 38.8 (2.45)*** | 15.8 (2.40) | 11.7 (3.0)*** | 27.1*** |
source Authors’ calculations.
notes * p <0.10;
**
p < 0.05;
***
p < 0.001;
+
Change is computed as difference between follow up and baseline; the results on nutrient levels and types of foods describe mean reported daily intakes;
HD = Hill District; HW = Homewood; SoFAAS = Solid Fats, Alcohol and Added Sugars; F&V = fruits and vegetables; WGP = whole grain products; and LFP = low-fat products.