Table 2.
Levels of sex hormones, IGF-1 and PFAS in children 6–9 years years of age (n = 2,292), Mid-Ohio Valley (USA), 2005–2006.
| Hormone, IGF-1, and PFAS | LOD | Boys (n = 1,169) | Girls (n = 1,123) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n > LOD (%) | Median (IQR) | n > LOD (%) | Median (IQR) | ||
| Estradiol (pg/mL) | 7 | 846 (72.6) | 10 (< LOD, 15) | 896 (80.0) | 12 (LOD, 17) |
| Total testosterone (ng/dL) | 10 | 809 (69.2) | 13 (< LOD, 18) | 840 (74.8) | 15 (< LOD, 21) |
| Free testosterone (pg/mL) | 0.2 | 216 (19.0) | < LOD (< LOD, 15) | 313 (28.0) | < LOD (< LOD, 17) |
| IGF-1 (ng/mL) | 25 | 1,159 (99.9) | 147 (116, 187) | 1,112 (100) | 185 (142, 234) |
| PFHxS (ng/mL) | 0.5 | 1,166 (99.7) | 8.1 (4.2, 17.1) | 1,120 (99.7) | 7.0 (3.8, 13.8) |
| PFOA (ng/mL) | 0.5 | 1,169 (100) | 34.8 (15.3, 82.2) | 1,123 (100) | 30.1 (13.5, 74.0) |
| PFOS (ng/mL) | 0.5 | 1,166 (99.7) | 22.4 (16.5, 32.0) | 1,123 (100) | 20.9 (15.3, 29.4) |
| PFNA (ng/mL) | 0.5 | 1,162 (99.4) | 1.7 (1.3, 2.3) | 1,119 (99.6) | 1.7 (1.3, 2.4) |
| Abbreviations: IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1; IQR, interquartile range; LOD, detection limit; PFAS, perfluoroalkyl substances; PFHxS, perfluorohexane sulfonate; PFNA, perfluorononanoic acid; PFOA, perfluorooctanoate; PFOS, perfluorooctane sulfonate. The n (%) of missing values in boys and girls was as follows: estradiol: 3 (0.26%) and 3 (0.27%); total testosterone: 0 (0%) and 0 (0%); free testosterone: 5 (0.43%) and 5 (0.45%); and IGF-1: 9 (0.77%) and 11 (0.98%). Missing values were not considered for descriptive analyses. | |||||