Table 2.
Weighted proportions by weight statusa of U.S. children, ages 6–19 years, 2007–2010 NHANES, n = 2,670.
| Variable | Percent (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Normal/underweight | Overweight | Obese | |
| Exposure assessment | |||
| NNAL | |||
| Below LOD (< 0.001 ng/mL creatinine) | 57 (52, 62) | 49 (46, 54) | 39 (33, 47) |
| Low (≥ 0.001 and < 0.005 ng/mL creatinine) | 22 (18, 26) | 28 (25, 31) | 28 (28, 34) |
| High (≥ 0.005 and < 0.082 ng/mL creatinine) | 21 (18, 25) | 23 (19, 25) | 32 (26, 40) |
| Cotinine | |||
| No (< 0.05 ng/mL) | 60 (56, 64) | 57 (53, 61) | 47 (40, 54) |
| Low (≥ 0.05 and < 0.268 ng/mL) | 21 (18, 24) | 23 (20, 25) | 22 (17, 27) |
| High (≥ 0.268 and < 14.6 ng/mL) | 19 (16, 22) | 19 (15, 23) | 31 (25, 29) |
| Self-report of household smokers | |||
| None | 88 (85, 90) | 89 (87, 92) | 78 (71, 83) |
| One | 6 (5, 8) | 8 (7, 10) | 12 (8, 17) |
| Two or more | 6 (4, 9) | 4 (3, 8) | 10 (6, 17) |
| Covariates | |||
| Age (years, mean) | 12.3 (12.0, 12.6) | 12.5 (12.2, 12.8) | 12.4 (12.0, 12.7) |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 51 (47, 54) | 52 (50, 54) | 56 (51, 61) |
| Female | 49 (46, 52) | 48 (46, 51) | 44 (39, 49) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 62 (56, 67) | 53 (47, 59) | 51 (41, 60) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 13 (10, 15) | 17 (11, 25) | 19 (13, 28) |
| Mexican American | 12 (9, 16) | 17 (11, 19) | 17 (13, 21) |
| Other Hispanic | 8 (5, 10) | 6 (4, 9) | 5 (4, 6) |
| Other/multiracial | 6 (4, 9) | 6 (5, 9) | 5 (3, 7) |
| Poverty index ratiob | |||
| Above poverty level (≥ 1.85) | 62 (57, 67) | 58 (54, 65) | 51 (44, 58) |
| Below poverty level (< 1.85) | 38 (33, 43) | 42 (37, 47) | 49 (41, 55) |
| Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity | |||
| Met recommendations for 60 min/day | 87 (82, 90) | 84 (81, 87) | 86 (83, 89) |
| Did not meet recommendations | 13 (10, 17) | 16 (13, 19) | 14 (11, 17) |
| Report of maternal smoking during pregnancyc | |||
| None | 87 (84, 91) | 85 (78, 89) | 82 (76, 86) |
| Any | 12 (9, 16) | 15 (11, 21) | 18 (14, 24) |
| Abbreviations: CI, confidence intervals; LOD, limit of detection; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; NNAL, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol. The total estimated population using the sampling weights is 31,119,675. aOverweight was defined as having a body mass index ≥ 85th percentile and < 95th percentile, and obesity was defined as having a body mass index ≥ 95th percentile by age and sex, based on the 2000 CDC growth charts. bThe poverty index ratio was dichotomized at 1.85, the level used to qualify for federal assistance programs, such as the Women, Infants, and Children program. cEstimates for report of maternal smoking during pregnancy are based on a different sample size due to missing information (n = 2,106). | |||