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. 2016 Jan 13;124(8):1214–1226. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1510352

Figure 2.

Figure 2

ToxCast™ chemicals zoxamide and spirodiclofen induce adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs). Adipogenesis was induced in cells according to Figure S2. Lipid accumulation was quantified in differentiated (A) 3T3-L1 preadipocytes or (B) mBMSCs by measuring Nile red fluorescence normalized by cell number (Hoechst). Rosiglitazone and tributyltin serve as positive control adipogenic chemicals. Gene expression was determined by the 2– ΔΔ CT method using 36b4 as the reference gene. Data are reported as fold induction over 0.1% DMSO vehicle controls ± SEM using standard propagation of error. Primer sequences can be found in Table S4. One-way ANOVA was conducted for zoxamide and spirodiclofen treatment groups and DMSO vehicle, followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test: *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001 compared to vehicle. Unpaired t-test was conducted for the positive controls rosiglitazone, tributyltin versus vehicle: # p ≤ 0.05, ## p ≤ 0.01, ### p ≤ 0.001.