Table 6.
Pharmacokinetic parameters of MT in plasma after sublingual administration of fast dissolving niosomal film compared to commercial oral tablets
| Formulation | Cmax* (μg mL−1) | Tmax* (hours) | Ka* (hours−1) | t½a* (hours) | Kel* (hours−1) | t½* (hours) | AUC* (μg h mL−1) | F* (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Betaloc® (MT oral tablet) | 1.26±0.223 | 4.22±0.334 | 0.24±0.024 | 2.93±0.022 | 0.24±0.018 | 2.93±0.019 | 10.73±3.48 | 39.37±11.4 |
| MT niosomal film (N4F6) | 2.25±0.086** | 2.89±0.26** | 0.86±0.16** | 0.80±0.15** | 0.09±0.018** | 7.50±1.47** | 31.88±5.09** | 91.06±7.18** |
Notes:
*
Mean ± SD (n=5).
**
Significant differences were obtained compared to that of the oral tablets.
Abbreviations: MT, metoprolol tartarate; SD, standard deviation; Cmax, maximum concentration; Tmax, time of maximum concentration achieved after administration; Ka, absorption rate constant; t½a, absorption half-life; Kel, elimination rate constant; t½, elimination half-life; AUC, area under the MT plasma concentration–time curve; F, the absolute bioavailability.