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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Exp Neurol. 2015 Jul 22;275(Pt 2):261–273. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.07.017

Figure 2. The lasting impact of a single neonatal injury on anxiety and stress responding.

Figure 2

A. In response to acute stressors (forced swim), neonatally injured adults take significantly longer to initiate floating. By contrast, adults injured early in life float rapidly after exposure to 7 days of mild chronic variable stress (mCVS). B. Hypo-sensitivity to acute stress-provoking stimuli and hyper-sensitivity to sequential, unpredictable stress are rescued if male and female rats are given morphine for early life pain, suggesting that 1) injury-induced behavioral and hormonal vulnerability are preventable, 2) neonatal pain is necessary for the long-term changes in stress responding. (Abbreviations: corticosterone, CORT; area under the curve, AUC).