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Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of the effect of 4,5-diCQA on the expression of the melanogenesis-related genes MITF, tyrosinase, and TRP-1 in B16-F10 melanocytes. mRNA signal was normalized to actin mRNA expression. Azelaic acid (AZ) was used as a positive control. The results are expressed as percentages of the control, and the data are mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. ∗ P < 0.05 as compared to the untreated control.
