Table 1.
Characteristic of different kind of adipocyte tissue.
| White adipocytes | Brown adipocyte | Beige adipocyte 1Cold, TZD, FGF21, IL-4, IL-6 |
|---|---|---|
| Unilocular adipocyte | Multilocular adipocytes | Unilocular → multilocular |
| Lipid storage (+++) | Lipid storage (+) | Lipid storage (+++) → Lipid storage (++) |
| Mitochondria (+) | Mitochondria (+++) | Mitochondria (+) → mitochondria (++) |
| Fatty acid oxidation (+) | Fatty acid oxidation (+++) | Fatty acid oxidation (+) → fatty acid oxidation (+++) |
| Respiratory chain (+) | Respiratory chain (+++) | Respiratory chain (+) → respiratory chain (+++) |
| UCP1 (−) | UCP1 (+++) | UCP1 (−) → UCP1 (+++) |
| PGC-1α (+) | PGC-1α (+++) | PGC-1α (+) → PGC-1α (+++) |
| Markers: resistin, ASC-1, FAB4 | Markers: Zic1, Lhx8, Eva1, Pdk4 | Markers: CD137, Tbx1, Cited1, Tmem26, CIDEA |
1Conditions that stimulate the thermogenic activity of beige adipocytes.
TZD: thiazolidinedione; FGF21: fibroblast growth factor 21; UCP1: uncoupling protein 1; PGC-1α: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator alpha 1; ASC-1: adipocyte-specific cell surface protein; FABP4: fatty acid binding protein 4; Zic1: zinc finger protein 1; Lhx8: LIM/homeobox protein; Eva1: epithelial V-like antigen 1; Pdk4: pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4; CD 137: cluster of differentiation 137; Tbx1: T-box transcription factor 1; Cited1: Cbp/P300-interacting transactivator 1; Tmem26: transmembrane protein 26; CIDEA: Cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector.