Table 2.

Unadjusted and adjusted/multivariable odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) for association with partial immunization, as compared to complete immunization^a

Variable	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted ORb (95% CI)
Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs
Concerned about vaccine safety c
No	Reference	Reference
Yes	7.338 (4.138–13.012)	2.829 (1.151–6.957)
Lack of belief in disease susceptibility and severity, and vaccine effectiveness d
No	Reference	Reference
Yes	6.001 (3.717–9.690)	4.629 (2.017–10.625)
Distrust in medical professionals e	1.317 (1.131–1.533)	0.973 (0.750–1.262)
Distrust in government f	1.116 (1.046–1.306)	0.972 (0.813–1.162)
Personal variables
Number of children in household
<3	Reference	Reference
≥3 children	1.643 (1.032–2.618)	1.919 (0.927–3.973)
Need more social support g	1.044 (0.945–1.153)	1.099 (0.950–1.271)
Member of household with serious health issue
No	Reference	Reference
Yes	1.264 (0.674–2.371)	1.615 (0.682–3.828)
Moved in past 2 years
No	Reference	Reference
Yes	2.471 (1.564–3.904)	3.908 (2.075–7.358)
Worked & Used childcare in first 2 years?
Did not work	Reference	Reference
Worked, but no childcare outside home	0.706 (0.417–1.195)	0.525 (0.247–1.116)
Worked and used childcare outside home	0.488 (0.290–0.819)	0.310 (0.144 - 0.671)
Systemic variables, including experience with immunizations and the immunization delivery system
Bad immunization experience with older child
No	Reference	Reference
Yes	1.532 (0.806–2.915)	0.732 (0.285–1.881)
Experience with side effect(s)
No	Reference	Reference
Yes	2.688 (1.714–4.216)	1.657 (0.869–3.160)
Knew someone with a vaccine-preventable disease
No	Reference	Reference
Yes	0.810 (0.496–1.324)	0.813 (0.408–1.619)
Positive experience with immunization provider h	0.849 (0.789–0.912)	0.993 (0.882–1.117)
Received adequate information on immunizations
No	Reference	Reference
Yes	0.320 (0.196–0.520)	1.220 (0.535–2.780)
Heard negative views about immunizations in the media
No	Reference	Reference
Yes	1.789 (1.020–3.135)	1.768 (0.783–3.996)
Ever delayed immunizations because too many needles at once
No	Reference	Reference
Yes	15.100 (6.391–35.675)	7.734 (2.598–23.025)
Considered not getting immunizations because of needle pain
No	Reference	Reference
Yes	2.632 (1.399–4.953)	0.818 (0.293–2.248)
Child has a regular family doctor/pediatrician
No	Reference	Reference
Yes	0.182 (0.070–0.474)	0.219 (0.057–0.846)
Getting immunizations was a hassle/difficult i,j
Not difficult	Reference	Reference
Slightly difficult	0.506 (0.061–4.191)	1.389 (0.676 - 2.852)
Somewhat difficult	1.372 (0.830–2.268)	1.089 (0.373 - 3.177)
Quite or Very difficult	1.983 (0.972–4.047)	14.470 (2.206- 34.922)
Specific hassles:
Difficult to travel to clinic? k
No	Reference	Reference
Yes	1.087 (0.637–1.854)	0.581 (0.242–1.396)
Clinic far from home? l
No	Reference	Reference
Yes	1.243 (0.731–2.115)	1.089 (0.517–2.294)
Wait time in clinic unreasonable
No	Reference	Reference
Yes	1.163 (0.627–2.158)	0.653 (0.256–1.667)
Had to bring other children or get childcare
No	Reference	Reference
Yes	1.111 (0.714–1.730)	1.047 (0.533–2.056)
Had to take time off/rearrange work schedule
No	Reference	Reference
Yes	1.278 (0.827–1.975)	1.559 (0.808–3.007)
Clinic hours/appointment convenient m	0.882 (0.777–1.001)	0.945 (0.774–1.153)

^aDetails of coding of variables and handling of missing values are described in the online supplement.

^bAdjusted for all other variables in Table 2, plus all socioeconomic variables in Table 1.

^cMeasured on a scale from 5–25; Composite score of 5 variables (each on 5-point Likert scale) measuring vaccine safety, determined by factor analysis. Dichotomized at natural breakpoint; No = scored ≤12; Yes = scored >12.

^dMeasured on a scale from 9–45; Composite score of 9 variables (each on 5-point Likert scale) measuring belief in susceptibility to and severity of disease, and effectiveness of vaccines, determined by factor analysis. Dichotomized at natural breakpoint; No = scored ≤ 33; Yes = scored >33.

^eMeasured on a scale from 2 to 10; Composite score of 2 variables (each on 5-point Likert scale) measuring distrust in nurses and physicians.

^fMeasured on a scale from 2 to 10; Composite score of 2 variables (each on 5-point Likert scale) measuring distrust in provincial and federal governments.

^gMeasured on a scale from 2 to10, based on previously validated measure (Seeman & Berkman, 1988).

^hMeasured on a scale from 5–25; Composite score of 5 variables (each on 5-point Likert scale) measuring quality of previous experience (trust and positive interactions) with immunization providers (nurses and clinic staff).

ⁱVariable non-significant overall in multivariate analysis.

^jCategories for Don't know and/or Missing not statistically significant and not shown.

^kMeasured on 5-point Likert scale. Dichotomized: No = Not difficult at all, Yes = Slightly difficult to very difficult.

^lMeasured on 5-point Likert scale. Dichotomized: No = Very or quite close, Yes = Quite or very far.

^mMeasured on a scale from 2 to 10; Composite score of 2 variables (each on 5-point Likert scale) measuring convenience of clinic hours and appointment time.