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. 2016 Aug 9;6:31281. doi: 10.1038/srep31281

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

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Temporal changes in the incidence of cryptorchidism, male:female ratio and mortality (stillbirth + early postnatal deaths) in puppies generated at the National Breeding Centre from 1994/5 to 2014 (a) Incidence rate of cryptorchidism (R² = 0.33, P = 0.008, n = 20). (b) Male:female ratio (No.Males/No.offspring per litter) of all pups born (including stillbirths and early postnatal deaths) (R² = 0.20, P = 0.04, n = 20). (c) Male mortality (R² = 0.32, P = 0.008, n = 20). (d) Female mortality (R² = 0.31, P = 0.009, n = 20). Statistical significance was assessed by linear regression (GraphPad Prism). Mean number of male dogs born per year (alive + still born) = 651.25 ± 14.79.